Structural and geotechnical impacts of surface rupture on highway structures during recent earthquakes in Turkey

Pamuk, Ahmet; Kalkan, Erol; Ling, Hoe I.

doi:10.1016/j.soildyn.2004.11.011

Cited by 77 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The motions used in the present study are the same as those used by Hoon Choi [2] and Somerville P. G. [15,16]. The fault-parallel and fault-normal components of simulated acceleration motions are shown in Figure 4.…”

Section: Near-fault Groundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seismic Response of the Three‐Span Bridge with Innovative Materials Including Fault‐Rupture Effect

Saiidi

2018

Shock and Vibration

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The seismic performance of the SR99 Bridge with conventional and advanced details in Seattle, Washington, was studied via a nonlinear, time history analysis of a multidegree of freedom model. The bridge consists of three spans supported on two singlecolumn piers and will be the first built bridge in the world in which superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) and engineered cementitious composite (ECC) are implemented to reduce damage at plastic hinges and minimize residual displacements. Existing finite-element formulations in the finite-element software OpenSees are used to capture the response of the advanced materials used in the bridge. The earthquake induced by strike-slip fault was assumed to produce a surface rupture across the SR99 Bridge. The effect of the rupture was modeled by a static, differential ground displacement in the fault-parallel direction across the rupture. The synthetic suite of scaled bidirectional near-fault ground motions used in the analysis contains common near-fault features including a directivity pulse in the fault-normal direction and a fling step in the fault-parallel direction. Comparisons are made on behavior of two different bridge types. The first is a conventional reinforced concrete bridge and the second is a bridge with Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) SMA reinforcing bar at the plastic hinge zone and ECC in the whole column. Fault-parallel near-fault earthquakes typically exhibit a static permanent ground displacement caused by the relative movement of the two sides of the fault. When the fault is located between piers, the pier shows a higher demand. Fault-normal analysis results show effectiveness of the innovative interventions on the bridges in providing excellent recentering capabilities with minimal damage to the columns. But the maximum drift computed in the SMA bridge is slightly higher than reinforced concrete (RC) bridges, contributed by comparatively low stiffness of the superelastic SMA bars compared to the steel reinforcing bars.

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Section: Near-fault Groundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, existing seismic design strategies for bridges are largely based on design ground motions without near-fault characteristics and do not provide guidance for designing bridges near active faults [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic Response of the Three‐Span Bridge with Innovative Materials Including Fault‐Rupture Effect

Saiidi

2018

Shock and Vibration

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“…More than 80 000 people died and about 500 000 building collapsed or were heavily damaged (Cagatay, 2005). There are numerous studies in the literature about the earthquake hazards and corresponding post earthquake studies in Turkey (Catal, 1997;Arslan, 2006;Ulusay, 2004;Ulusay, 2005;Sancio, 2002;Bayraktar, 2004;Erdik, 2004;Binici, 2007;Guchan, 2007;Inel, 2008;Pamuk, 2005;Kaplan, 2007;Korkmaz, 2009). …”

Section: Earthquake As a Crucial Component In The Natural Niche Of Tumentioning

confidence: 99%

Earthquake hazard and damage on traditional rural structures in Turkey

Korkmaz

Döndüren

2010

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. During the last earthquakes in Turkey, reinforced concrete structures in the cities and masonry structures in the rural part were exposed to damage and failure. Masonry houses such as earthen, brick and stone structures are composed of building blocks with weak inter-binding action which have low tension capacity. Bending and shear forces generate tensile stresses which cannot be well tolerated. In this paper, the performance of masonry structures during recent earthquakes in Turkey is discussed with illustrative photographs taken after earthquakes. The followings are the main weakness in the materials and unreinforced masonry constructions and other reasons for the extensive damage of masonry buildings. Very low tensile and shear strength particularly with poor mortar, brittle behaviour in tension as well as compression, stress concentration at corners of windows and doors, overall unsymmetry in plan and elevation of building, unsymmetry due to imbalance in the sizes and positions of walls and openings in the walls, defects in construction such as use of substandard materials, unfilled joints between bricks, not-plump walls, improper bonding between walls at right angles etc.

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“…Many researchers have reported the superior seismic performance of reinforced soil walls during other large earthquakes (e.g. Pamuk et al (2005) for the Izmit earthquake, Turkey) and the lessons learned from this performance (e.g. Ling et al (2001) for Chi-chi earthquake, Taiwan).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of reinforced soil walls during the 2011 Tohoku earthquake

Kuwano

Miyata

Koseki

2014

Geosynthetics International

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The 2011 Tohoku earthquake off the Pacific coast of Japan (M w ¼ 9.0) contained a huge source region of approximately 450 km by 200 km and caused extensive damage to various structures. Damage caused by the tsunami was tremendous and many lives were lost. In addition to the damage to concrete structures, seawalls were seriously damaged, probably as a result of scouring. On the other hand, some reinforced soil walls were barely damaged, although they were inundated by the tsunami. This paper briefly reviews the reinforced soil walls in Japan and then summarises the seismic performances of approximately 1600 walls in the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. It also reports some case histories for the reinforced soil walls that were subjected to the direct impact of the earthquake (shaking) and the tsunami. Although seismic motion was much higher than the design value for a wide area and the impact of the tsunami was not considered in the design, fewer than 1% of the walls were seriously damaged and more than 90% showed no damage. However, some damage was found at the backfill and facing panels where the soil was not properly covered and protected against erosion by the tsunami.

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Structural and geotechnical impacts of surface rupture on highway structures during recent earthquakes in Turkey

Cited by 77 publications

References 3 publications

Seismic Response of the Three‐Span Bridge with Innovative Materials Including Fault‐Rupture Effect

Seismic Response of the Three‐Span Bridge with Innovative Materials Including Fault‐Rupture Effect

Earthquake hazard and damage on traditional rural structures in Turkey

Performance of reinforced soil walls during the 2011 Tohoku earthquake

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