“…The Sm3d spectra reveal splitting due to a spin–orbit interaction of ΔE = 26.7 eV into 3d 5/2 (BE ≈ 1082.6eV) and 3d 3/2 (BE ≈ 1109.3 eV) lines. Such parameters are typical for metallic Sm 3+ [ 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 ]. Nonetheless, below the main line, one may observe additional components visible as a shoulder with lower binging energy and lower intensity at BE ≈ 1076.1 and ≈ 1103.3 eV, respectively.…”