Structural and mechanical properties of titanium and titanium diboride monolayers and Ti/TiB2 multilayers

Chu, Kaili; Lu, Yonghao; Shen, Y.G.

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2007.07.042

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The hardness of Ti/TiB 2 multilayers are reported to be in wide range 2.6-50 GPa, for TiB 2 fraction from 0 to 1. For intermediate fractions of ~0.65 of TiB 2 , i.e., for the thickness ratio of 0.6-0.8, it was 10-30 GPa [14], which is in agreement with the results obtained also by [32]. In our experiments we applied TiSi y C z layers, deposited from Ti 3 SiC 2 target.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The difference in shear moduli of that two materials is significant, so in the case of crystalline (TiB x /TiSi y C z )x3 there will be strong contribution in hardening mechanism by Koehler theory. In the case of amorphous TiSi y C z layers in our coatings hardening mechanism seem to be stronger, as based on the values of E = 160 GPa, determined for the amorphous monolayered TiSi y C z [35] and assuming the Poisson's ratio ν = 0.19 [38], the shear modulus, calculated from the formula G = E/2(1 + ν) [32], for amorphous TiSi y C z gives a value 67.22 GPa. On the other hand, in the amorphous coating the difference of shear modules for both materials is smaller, as calculated from the formula the shear modulus for amorphous TiB 2 [32] is 67 GPa, so there is no enhancement in hardness in amorphous multilayers of TiB x /TiSi y C z type, according to this theory.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…The hardness of TiB x coatings depends on the deposition method and its parameters and is strongly connected with their microstructure. TiB x coatings are deposited as polycrystalline with preferred (0.001) orientation of hexagonal TiB 2 [12] or as amorphous [32] or nanocrystalline-amorphous [26]. The hardness of TiB 2 results mainly from the strong B-B bonds [5].…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Microstructure, Mechanical and Friction-Wear Properties of (TiBx/TiSiyCz)x3 Multilayer Deposited by PLD on Steel

2020

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The microstructure, mechanical properties, and friction-wear performance of (TiBx/TiSiyCz)x3 multilayer coatings deposited on the M2 steel by the pulsed laser deposition are investigated in detail in as-deposited state and after annealing at 500 °C for 5 min in air. Scanning and transmission electron microscopies are used to reveal microstructural changes caused by annealing. The influence of post-deposition annealing on hardness and Young modulus is studied in nanoindentation test. A scratch-test is applied to reveal changes in adhesion and the coefficient of friction (CoF) of coated samples with diamond before and after annealing. Friction-wear properties are also analyzed in dry sliding with Al2O3 and 100Cr6 steel in ball-on-disc tests. Our analysis shows that the post-deposition annealing leads to partial devitrification of the TiBx layers, where nanocrystalline TiB2 phase is identified, while the TiSiyCz layers retain amorphous. Annealing significantly increases mechanical properties of coated samples and adhesion of the (TiBx/TiSiyCz)x3 multilayer to steel substrates. Friction-wear properties of coated samples are also notably improved. The values of CoF for coated samples tested with diamond (in the scratch-test), alumina, and 100Cr6 steel (ball-on-disc tests) are in the range of 0.05–0.23, while for M2 steel the CoF values are 0.8, 0.45, and 0.8, respectively.

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Section: Mechanical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Microstructure, Mechanical and Friction-Wear Properties of (TiBx/TiSiyCz)x3 Multilayer Deposited by PLD on Steel

2020

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“…Unfortunately, monolayer TiB 2 coatings are susceptible to cracking and delamination from metal surfaces. To use its advantages, such as a high melting point, thermal stability, good thermal and electric conductivities [16], TiB 2 is combined with softer phases capable of absorbing the excess energy of cracking, for example Ti [17], C and MoS 2 [18], TiC [19], and TiSi y C z [20]. In this case, we also used TiSi y C z as interlayer, in a multilayer coating which was deposited (using the PLD method) alternately with TiB x layer to form a coating on the M2 steel substrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Deposition of the (TiBx/TiSiyCz) x3 Multilayer on M2 HSS on the Cutting Force Components and Temperature Generated in the Machined Area during the Milling of 316L Steel

2022

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High-speed steel (HSS) tools account for 20 percent of the cutting tools materials’ global market. This is due to both their significant toughness and resistance to cracking, compared to cemented carbides. Covering steel tools with hard coatings clearly improves their mechanical properties, wear resistance, and significantly increases their durability. Physical vapor deposition methods are preferred for coating metal substrates, as they allow low temperature deposition. The most widely deposited coating materials are carbides, nitrides, and borides. They are combined with softer ones in the multilayer structure to promote increased resistance to cracking and delamination in comparison to monolayered structures. In this paper, the M2 steel end mills were coated by (TiBx/TiSiyCz) x3 multilayer by the pulsed laser deposition method. Coated and uncoated tools were tested in the cylindrical down milling of AISI 316L steel. Components of the cutting force and temperature generated in the machined area during dry milling were measured under two variants of operating conditions: V1 and V2. Tool wear mechanism was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), accompanied by EDS analysis of worn areas. It was found that milling with higher speed (variant V2) is accompanied by lower cutting force components and a lower temperature generated in cutting area. The presence of the coating allowed lower cutting forces and temperature in the case of variant V1. The temperature measured during milling did not exceed 200 °C. The SEM observation of the edges of cutting tools indicated that the main mechanism of wear for both types of tools was abrasion. The built-up edge formation was observed in the case of tools tested at the V1 cutting parameters variant. It was assumed that it was the reason for higher cutting forces measured during milling according to this variant. The chemical composition of built-up edges was different for coated and uncoated tools. Tribo-chemical reactions were responsible for the reduction of the cutting force and temperature components observed during milling with a coated tool at V1 variant. Boron and titanium were the elements of the coating that enabled the tribo-oxidation reactions thanks to which friction was reduced. Our results show that this beneficial effect occurs with (TiBx/TiSiyCz) x3 coated tools, but can easily be lost with inadequately selected cutting parameters.

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“…Titanium boride (TiB 2 ) multi-phase ceramic has promising applications for protective armors, tool knife materials, shaping moulds and so on, due to high micro-hardness, high performance and thermal stability at high temperatures [1][2][3][4]. In comparison, Si 3 N 4 also exhibits high fracture toughness, outstanding wear resistance, both impingement and frictional modes, and good thermal shock resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal deposition and layer modulation parameters for mechanical property enhancement of TiB2/Si3N4 multilayers using orthogonal experiment

Dong

Sun

2010

Surface and Coatings Technology

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Structural and mechanical properties of titanium and titanium diboride monolayers and Ti/TiB2 multilayers

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

The Microstructure, Mechanical and Friction-Wear Properties of (TiBx/TiSiyCz)x3 Multilayer Deposited by PLD on Steel

The Microstructure, Mechanical and Friction-Wear Properties of (TiBx/TiSiyCz)x3 Multilayer Deposited by PLD on Steel

Impact of Deposition of the (TiBx/TiSiyCz) x3 Multilayer on M2 HSS on the Cutting Force Components and Temperature Generated in the Machined Area during the Milling of 316L Steel

Optimal deposition and layer modulation parameters for mechanical property enhancement of TiB2/Si3N4 multilayers using orthogonal experiment

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