Structural and transport properties of evaporated iron phthalocyanine (FePc) thin films

Structural and electrical properties of thermally evaporated cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) thin films

“…The variation of Seebeck coefficient, S, for CoPc thin films with temperature is shown in Figure 5. It can be seen from the figure that the value of S is positive over the entire temperature range as observed for other metal-phthalocyanine [39,47,48]. The positive value of Seebeck coefficient indicates p-type conduction of CoPc, i.e., (the conduction is due to holes moving in the valence states of the matrix molecules and not by a hopping of electrons between acceptor states).…”

“…The activation energies ∆E 1 and ∆E 2 were obtained at T < 350 K and T > 350 K respectively. ∆E 1 corresponds to extrinsic conduction, and ∆E 2 is corresponding to intrinsic conduction, and hence the activation energy is interpreted as a change from extrinsic to intrinsic conduction [39]. The value of the thermal activation energies, ∆E 1 is nearly equals to 0.15 ± 0.025 eV and ∆E 2 is nearly equals to 0.74 ± 0.02 eV, which is in agreement with other workers [40][41][42] where the value of ∆E 2 ≈ 1 / 2 the value of the onset optical gap which illustrated in [27].…”

Structural and optical properties of thermally evaporated zinc phthalocyanine thin films

“…3 shows infrared transmission spectra of ZnPc in a powder as well as in thin film forms (as deposited and annealed at 613 K). The main spectral features, which distinguish between the different crystalline forms of metal substituted family [30,33], were found to lie in the region 800-700 cm À1 . The typical behavior in the spectra and specially at %723-726 cm À1 in the three cases, indicate a b-form of ZnPc.…”

Investigation of structural and optoelectronic properties of annealed nickel phthalocyanine thin films

“…In recent years, a large family of phthalocyanines (Pcs) such as CuPc [1], SnPc [2], PbPc [3], FePc [4], CoPc [5], MgPc [6] and ZnPc [7,8] have been studied extensively for potential optoelectronic applications. For certain advantages including ease of fabrication, thermal and chemical stability and insolubility in water, compatibility with flexible substrates and low-cost production processing, thin Pc films are commonly used in building electronic and optoelectronic devices such as organic solar cells [9,10], organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) [11][12][13], field-effect transistors [14], optical recording [15], photodynamic therapy, non-linear optics [16], catalysis [17] and gas sensors [18].…”