Structural Biological Materials: Critical Mechanics-Materials Connections

Meyers, Marc A.; McKittrick, Joanna; Chen, Po‐Yu

doi:10.1126/science.1220854

Cited by 974 publications

(673 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Collagen is one of the most important biopolymers found throughout the metazoan diversity and is the basic component in skin, tendon, bone and cartilage [2,16]. While there are no fewer than 29 different collagen types, the majority of collagen found in organisms (~90% of collagen found in the human body) is type I collagen [16].…”

Section: Biopolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While not to the extent found in mollusk shells, sea sponge skeletons are highly mineralized (3:1 biomineral to biopolymer [82]). These rings are held together with a "mortar" of silicatein [2,82,157,158,160]. The sea sponge employs the toughening mechanism of crack deflection (Fig.…”

Section: Sea Sponge Spiculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To succinctly describe the unique qualities of biological materials, seven interrelated features have been identified (inspired by Arzt [1] and expanded by Meyers et al and Chen et al [2][3][4][5]). These characteristics are: self-assembly, multifunctionality, hierarchical design, hydration effects, mild synthesis conditions, evolutionary design and environmental constraints, and selfhealing capability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure and mechanical properties of selected protective systems in marine organisms

Naleway

Taylor

Porter

et al. 2016

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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Section: Biopolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sea Sponge Spiculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure and mechanical properties of selected protective systems in marine organisms

Naleway

Taylor

Porter

et al. 2016

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Such properties are based on the ability for the organism to utilize structural organics and acidic proteins to guide and control the mineralization process to yield hierarchical architectures with well-defined compositional gradients.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sinusoidally Architected Helicoidal Biocomposite

et al. 2016

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A fibrous herringbone-modified helicoidal architecture is identified within the exocuticle of an impact-resistant crustacean appendage. This previously unreported composite microstructure, which features highly textured apatite mineral templated by an alpha-chitin matrix, provides enhanced stress redistribution and energy absorption over the traditional helicoidal design under compressive loading. Nanoscale toughening mechanisms are also identified using high load nanoindentation and in-situ TEM picoindentation. A Sinusoidally-Architected Helicoidal BiocompositeBy Nicholas A. Yaraghi, Nicolás Guarín-Zapata, Lessa K. Grunenfelder, Eric Hintsala, Sanjit Bhowmick, Jon M. Hiller, Mark Betts, Edward L. Principe, Jae-Young Jung, Leigh Sheppard, Richard Wuhrer, Joanna McKittrick, Pablo D. Zavattieri Keywords: (Composites, Toughness, Impact, Biomineral, Ultrastructure) Submitted to 3 Biologically mineralized composites offer inspiration for the design of next generation structural materials due to their low density, high strength and toughness currently unmatched by engineering technologies. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Such properties are based on the ability for the organism to utilize structural organics and acidic proteins to guide and control the mineralization process to yield hierarchical architectures with well-defined compositional gradients.One notable example is the highly developed raptorial appendage, or dactyl, of the stomatopods, a group of aggressive marine crustaceans that use these structures for feeding upon hard-shelled and soft-bodied prey. [10][11][12][13][14] The dactyls of the "smashers", those that feed primarily on hard-shelled prey, (see Figure 1A) takes the form of a bulbous club ( Figure 1B), which is used to smash through mollusk shells, crab exoskeletons, and other tough mineralized structures with tremendous force and speed. [11][12][13][14][15][16] Achieving accelerations over 10,000g and reaching speeds of 23 m/s from rest, the dactyl strike is recognized as one of the fastest and most powerful impacting events observed in Nature. [11,12] The club is capable of delivering and subsequently enduring repetitive impact forces up to 1500 N and cavitation stresses without catastrophically failing, demonstrating its utility as an exceptionally damage-tolerant natural material.The origins of such a mechanical response lie in the structural design. Previous work identified the club as a multi-regional composite material containing an organic matrix composed of alpha-chitin fibers mineralized by amorphous forms of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate as well as crystalline apatite. [17,18] These investigations revealed mechanisms responsible for providing damage-tolerance and impact-resistance to the club, which were largely attributed to the interior of the club (periodic region), identified as the primary energy-absorbing layer. [17,18] The combination of soft polymeric nanofibers and stiffer mineral provides a periodic modulus mismatch leading to crack deflection, which in co...

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“…Extensive research has revealed the mechanism responsible for natural materials' properties and shows that high-performance structural materials could be fabricated via bioinspired strategies. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] With the quest to develop novel bioinspired materials, it is essential to refine some basic scientific principles that can guide bioinspired fabrication.Recent research has indicated that the amplification of natural materials' mechanical properties far beyond those of the components that comprise them originates mainly from: i) a hierarchical micro-/nanoscale architecture and ii) abundant effective interface interactions. Here, we follow the roadmap of "discovery, invention, and creation," as shown in Figure 1, to give insight into the development of bioinspired structural materials.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Performance Nanocomposites Inspired by Nature

2017

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Over the eons of evolutionary time, natural materials, including nacre, bone, lobster cuticle, and many others, developed delicate multiscale structures demonstrating outstanding properties. These natural materials provide endless inspiration for the fabrication of novel bioinspired structural materials. Extensive research has revealed the mechanism responsible for natural materials' properties and shows that high-performance structural materials could be fabricated via bioinspired strategies. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] With the quest to develop novel bioinspired materials, it is essential to refine some basic scientific principles that can guide bioinspired fabrication.Recent research has indicated that the amplification of natural materials' mechanical properties far beyond those of the components that comprise them originates mainly from: i) a hierarchical micro-/nanoscale architecture and ii) abundant effective interface interactions. Here, we follow the roadmap of "discovery, invention, and creation," as shown in Figure 1, to give insight into the development of bioinspired structural materials. In the "discovery" section, natural materials are described as a source of inspiration. Bioinspired nanocomposites can be invented to mimic or even to surpass natural materials' attributes, as described in the "invention" section. We illustrate how the basic principles could work for bioinspired nanocomposites with different building blocks and fabrication approaches. Finally, in the "creation" section, we review novel multifunctional nanocomposites with properties that natural materials rarely possess. To provide a vision and inspiration for future research, we conclude with our perspectives on new and promising directions in the field, along with problems remaining to be solved. Discovery: Natural Materials Orderly Hierarchical ArchitecturesNatural materials are made at ambient temperatures from a relatively small number of ingredients that exhibit rather meager properties. Almost all of them are composites with orderly hierarchical architectures that arrest crack propagation, thus preventing catastrophic failure. Insight into the architecture of a typical natural material is the key to understanding the superiority of the biomimetic strategy for making novel synthetic materials.Natural materials, including nacre, bone, and the lobster cuticle, exhibit excellent mechanical properties, combining high strength and toughness. Such materials have the added benefit of being light in weight. These advantageous features are due to such natural materials' orderly hierarchical architectures and abundant interface interactions. How to utilize these design principles created by nature to fabricate high-performance bioinspired nanocomposites remains a great research challenge. A logical roadmap for developing these nanocomposites can be described as "discovery, invention, and creation." Here, the discovery of the relationship between natural materials' design principles and such materials' extraordinary mechanical proper...

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Structural Biological Materials: Critical Mechanics-Materials Connections

Cited by 974 publications

References 54 publications

Structure and mechanical properties of selected protective systems in marine organisms

Structure and mechanical properties of selected protective systems in marine organisms

A Sinusoidally Architected Helicoidal Biocomposite

High‐Performance Nanocomposites Inspired by Nature

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