Structural changes in chloroplast genome accompanying albinism in anther culture of wheat and triticale

Мозгова, Г. В.; Zaitseva, O. I.; Лемеш, В. А.

doi:10.1556/crc.2012.0007

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In triticale, low regeneration ability and high frequency of albino regenerants are the main limitations to incorporation of DHs into breeding programs (González et al 1997;Mozgova et al 2012;Pauk et al 2000;Ponitka et al 1999). Without chlorophyll, the primary pigment involved in light harvesting and its transformation into chemical energy, albinotic plants cannot survive in natural environment, and do not represent any agronomic value.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of QTLs associated with albino plant formation and some new facts concerning green versus albino ratio determinants in triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm.) anther culture

et al. 2015

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High frequency of albino haploids/doubled haploids (DHs), regenerated in androgenic cultures is one of the major obstacles that limit incorporation of DHs technology into cereal breeding programs. Therefore, quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with albino plant production in triticale anther cultures were analyzed using the population of 90 DH lines derived from F1 cross 'Saka 3006' 9 'Modus'. Composite interval mapping (CIM) and single marker analysis (SMA) in Windows QTL Cartographer ver 2.5 were used to localize the major QTLs. CIM method revealed seven QTLs with LOD scores between 2.9 and 5.6 on five chromosomes from B to R subgenomes (3B, 4B, 4R, 5R and 7R). Effects of all QTLs explained 8.3-17.6 % of the phenotypic variation and were confirmed by SMA analysis. Additionally SMA revealed another seven markers on chromosomes: 2AL.2BL, 3B, 2BS.6AL, 2RS.3R and 4R associated with QTL for albino plant regeneration (p \ 0.01). The additional experiment with ten DH lines varied significantly in their androgenic responsiveness was conducted to analyze the changes in the level of oxidative stress, antioxidative system activity and endogenous hormonal balance associated with androgenesis-inducing low temperature stress treatment (3 weeks at 4°C). The correlation analysis between albino/green plant regeneration ability and analyzed traits were performed by using Spearman Rank test (p B 0.05). Revealed associations may suggest that some level of oxidative stress is necessary for transition from a non-photosynthetic proplastids to the functional chloroplasts. On the other hand, the efficient antioxidative enzyme system and endogenous hormonal balance are also very important. Key message Fourteen chromosome regions were indicated to control albino plant formation during triticale anther culture. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, antioxidative system activity and hormonal balance were discussed as determinants in androgenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of QTLs associated with albino plant formation and some new facts concerning green versus albino ratio determinants in triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm.) anther culture

et al. 2015

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“…The various number of copies of specific genes observed in albino plants of cv. 'Jersey' might result from incomplete plastome replications and/or structural changes in plastid genome, as described in albino regenerants of many cereals [19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our previous study that focused on biogenesis and differentiation of plastids during development of pollen grains in vivo indicated that the genotypedependent regeneration of albino plants in barley is determined by the time of activation of starch-synthesis apparatus related to proplastid-to-amyloplast transition during microgametogenesis [18]. Furthermore, as a primary cause of albino plants formation in vitro, deletions in the plastid genome were indicated in barley [19][20][21], triticale [22], wheat [19,22,23] and rice [24,25]. However, another study showed many differences in expression level of plastid-encoded genes between albino and green regenerants but no changes in the plastid genome [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in plastid biogenesis leading to the formation of albino regenerants in barley microspore culture

et al. 2021

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Background Microspore embryogenesis is potentially the most effective method of obtaining doubled haploids (DH) which are utilized in breeding programs to accelerate production of new cultivars. However, the regeneration of albino plants significantly limits the exploitation of androgenesis for DH production in cereals. Despite many efforts, the precise mechanisms leading to development of albino regenerants have not yet been elucidated. The objective of this study was to reveal the genotype-dependent molecular differences in chloroplast differentiation that lead to the formation of green and albino regenerants in microspore culture of barley. Results We performed a detailed analysis of plastid differentiation at successive stages of androgenesis in two barley cultivars, ‘Jersey’ and ‘Mercada’ that differed in their ability to produce green regenerants. We demonstrated the lack of transition from the NEP-dependent to PEP-dependent transcription in plastids of cv. ‘Mercada’ that produced mostly albino regenerants in microspore culture. The failed NEP-to-PEP transition was associated with the lack of activity of Sig2 gene encoding a sigma factor necessary for transcription of plastid rRNA genes. A very low level of 16S and 23S rRNA transcripts and impaired plastid translation machinery resulted in the inhibition of photomorphogenesis in regenerating embryos and albino regenerants. Furthermore, the plastids present in differentiating ‘Mercada’ embryos contained a low number of plastome copies whose replication was not always completed. Contrary to ‘Mercada’, cv. ‘Jersey’ that produced 90% green regenerants, showed the high activity of PEP polymerase, the highly increased expression of Sig2, plastid rRNAs and tRNAGlu, which indicated the NEP inhibition. The increased expression of GLKs genes encoding transcription factors required for induction of photomorphogenesis was also observed in ‘Jersey’ regenerants. Conclusions Proplastids present in microspore-derived embryos of albino-producing genotypes did not pass the early checkpoints of their development that are required for induction of further light-dependent differentiation of chloroplasts. The failed activation of plastid-encoded RNA polymerase during differentiation of embryos was associated with the genotype-dependent inability to regenerate green plants in barley microspore culture. The better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying formation of albino regenerants may be helpful in overcoming the problem of albinism in cereal androgenesis.

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“…might result from incomplete plastome replications and/or structural changes in plastid genome, as described in albino regenerants of many cereals [19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our previous study that focused on biogenesis and differentiation of plastids during development of pollen grains in vivo indicated that the genotype-dependent regeneration of albino plants in barley is determined by the time of activation of starch-synthesis apparatus related to proplastid-to-amyloplast transition during microgametogenesis [18]. Furthermore, as a primary cause of albino plants formation in vitro, deletions in the plastid genome were indicated in barley [19][20][21], triticale [22], wheat [19,22,23] and rice [24,25]. However, another study showed many differences in expression level of plastid-encoded genes between albino and green regenerants but no changes in the plastid genome [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in plastid biogenesis leading to the formation of albino regenerants in barley microspore culture

Gajecka

Marzec

Chmielewska

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Microspore embryogenesis is potentially the most effective method of obtaining doubled haploids (DH) which are utilized in breeding programs to accelerate production of new cultivars. However, the regeneration of albino plants significantly limits the exploitation of androgenesis for DH production in cereals. Despite many efforts, the precise mechanisms leading to development of albino regenerants have not yet been elucidated. The objective of this study was to reveal the genotype-dependent molecular differences in chloroplast differentiation that lead to the formation of green and albino regenerants in microspore culture of barley.Results: We performed a detailed analysis of plastid differentiation at successive stages of androgenesis in two barley cultivars, ‘Jersey’ and ‘Mercada’ that differed in their ability to produce green regenerants. We demonstrated the lack of transition from the NEP-dependent to PEP-dependent transcription in plastids of cv. ‘Mercada’ that produced mostly albino regenerants in microspore culture. The failed NEP-to-PEP transition was associated with the lack of activity of Sig2 gene encoding a sigma factor necessary for transcription of plastid rRNA genes. A very low level of 16S and 23S rRNA transcripts and impaired plastid translation machinery resulted in the inhibition of photomorphogenesis in regenerating embryos and albino regenerants. Furthermore, the plastids present in differentiating ‘Mercada’ embryos contained a low number of plastome copies whose replication was not always completed. Contrary to ‘Mercada’, cv. ‘Jersey’ that produced 90% green regenerants, showed the high activity of PEP polymerase, the highly increased expression of Sig2, plastid rRNAs and tRNAGlu, which indicated the NEP inhibition. The increased expression of GLKs genes encoding transcription factors required for induction of photomorphogenesis was also observed in ‘Jersey’ regenerants. Conclusions: Proplastids present in microspore-derived embryos of albino-producing genotypes did not pass the early checkpoint of their development that are required for induction of further light-dependent differentiation of chloroplasts. The failed activation of plastid-encoded RNA polymerase during differentiation of embryos was associated with the genotype-dependent inability to regenerate green plants in barley microspore culture. The better understanding of molecular mechanism underlying formation of albino regenerants may be helpful in overcoming the problem of albinism in cereal androgenesis.

show abstract

Structural changes in chloroplast genome accompanying albinism in anther culture of wheat and triticale

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Identification of QTLs associated with albino plant formation and some new facts concerning green versus albino ratio determinants in triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm.) anther culture

Identification of QTLs associated with albino plant formation and some new facts concerning green versus albino ratio determinants in triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm.) anther culture

Changes in plastid biogenesis leading to the formation of albino regenerants in barley microspore culture

Changes in plastid biogenesis leading to the formation of albino regenerants in barley microspore culture

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