Structural changes in placental barrier of smoking mother a quantitative and ulstrastructural study

Demir, Ramazan; Demir, Ayşe; Yinanc, M.

doi:10.1016/s0344-0338(11)80744-2

Cited by 67 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, it was demonstrated that the effect of adjusting for smoking on the combined test is small, with an estimate of less than half percentage point increase in the detection rate (28). Smoking decreases trophoblast invasion and proliferation (29,30). So the clinical effect on placental function may be obvious by IUGR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The assessment of nuchal translucency and serum markers for down syndrome screening with ductus venosus Doppler measurements in the first trimester

Özer

Sayın

Varol

2010

J Turkish German Gynecol Assoc

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Objective:The aim of the study was to improve nuchal translucency (NT) and serum marker Down syndrome (Tri21) screening methods by including fetal ductus venosus (DV) Doppler measurements. Material and Methods:A total of 213 pregnant women were screened consecutively by combining maternal age, fetal NT and maternal serum pregnancy associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) and free β-human chorionic gonadotropin (f β-HCG) values at 11-14 weeks of gestation. Also, a DV Doppler analysis was performed for the contribution to the screening for Tri21 and other fetal anomalies or adverse pregnancy outcomes. Results:Twelve fetuses had DV PI measurements above the 95th percentile and two (17%) developed intrauterine growth retardation. DV PI values negatively correlated with birth weight (p=0.013, r=0.171). Two patients had T 21 among the study group (0.9%) with abnormal biochemical screening results. In these with Tri21, the combined test risk was above the suggested limit (>1/250). PAPP-A was <0.4 MoM in 23, and f β-HCG was >1.91 MoM in 49 patients. The rates of false positivity were 10% for PAPP-A and 22% for f β-HCG. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the combined test was 100%, 95%, 20% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion:The combined test has high sensitivity and specificity for Tri21 detection. The addition of DV Doppler ultrasound in the first trimester might have the advantage of predicting some adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, in the Turkish population, further studies with larger numbers of patients will be needed to establish the usefulness of DV for the detection of Tri21 or the prediction of some major cardiac anomalies. (J Turkish-German Gynecol Assoc 2010; 11: 194-8) Abstract ÖzetOriginal Investigation 194

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The assessment of nuchal translucency and serum markers for down syndrome screening with ductus venosus Doppler measurements in the first trimester

Özer

Sayın

Varol

2010

J Turkish German Gynecol Assoc

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“…Syncytial knots are aggregations of nuclei in the syncytiotrophoblast layer of the placental membrane that covers the fetal branch villi (56). Increased syncytial knots are associated with low uteroplacental blood flow (57), maternal smoking (58), and fetal growth restriction and pregnancy-induced hypertension (30). One possible interpretation is that increased syncytial knots might be a marker of the absence of chorioamnionitis (see above).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Is Not Associated with Ultrasound-Defined Cerebral White Matter Damage in Preterm Newborns

et al. 2004

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Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and cerebral white matter damage (WMD) are neonatal disorders that occur most commonly in those who are born much before term. In a large multicenter database, we sought to determine whether the two disorders occur together more frequently than expected and whether BPD and other neonatal respiratory characteristics are more common among infants who develop ultrasound-defined WMD than among those who do not. In a sample of 904 infants who were born before the 30th week of gestation and survived until 36 wk postmenstrual age, we did not find a co-occurrence of BPD and WMD above what would be expected by chance. Confounding does not seem to account for this lack of association between WMD and BPD. In conclusion, our findings do not support the hypothesis that BPD contributes to the occurrence of sonographically defined WMD. Preterm infants are exposed to a number of antenatal and postnatal challenges that, in concert with their immaturity, render them susceptible to a wide range of neonatal disorders. Among these, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and cerebral white matter damage (WMD) are prominent entities.BPD was initially identified as a chronic neonatal lung disease that occurred in preterm infants who were exposed to prolonged ventilation with high airway pressure and high inspired oxygen concentrations (1). More recently, a "new" BPD was defined as a form of neonatal chronic lung disease, characterized by aberrational lung alveolarization and vascular development (2). Changes in neonatal practice, including the introduction of exogenous surfactant, increased use of antenatal glucocorticoids, and sophisticated ventilatory support strategies, might play a role in this changing clinical phenomenology of BPD. Antenatal effects apparently gain pathogenetic importance (3), and major research emphasis is being placed on inflammatory pathomechanisms (4). The current terminology has now returned from "chronic lung disease" to BPD (5). The new definition of BPD-"receiving O 2 at 36 wk postconceptional age"-has been shown to be a better predictor of abnormal pulmonary signs and symptoms at age 2 (83%) (6) than the 38% achieved by previously suggested definition of BPD-"receiving O 2 at 28 d of life" (7).

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“…These include impaired placental size and function, (22)(23)(24)(25)(26) lower maternal glucose levels, (27) deficient maternal diet, (28) and lower volume of maternal breast milk. (29) It would appear most likely that smoking primarily interferes with placental function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(29) It would appear most likely that smoking primarily interferes with placental function. Recent studies have suggested defects in both placental size (22,24) and function with reported alterations in endothelial function, (23,24) epidermal growth factor, (26) and cytotrophoblast differentiation. (27) In support of this hypothesis, we found a decrease in placental weight in smoking mothers, and adjustment for this decrease led to nonsignificant results for smoking, suggesting that placental weight is an intermediate variable for the negative effect of smoking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy, Growth, and Bone Mass in Prepubertal Children

Jones

Riley

Dwyer

1999

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

115

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There have been no studies of smoking during pregnancy and bone mineralization in children. The objective of this population-based longitudinal study was to determine whether maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with bone mass and other growth variables in prepubertal children. We studied 330 8-year-old male and female children representing 47% of those who originally took part in a study of risk factors for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome in 1988. The main outcome measures were bone mineral density measured by a Hologic QDR2000 densitometer: birth weight, placental weight, height, and weight. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with deficits in growth with these children having lower height (− , 95% CI −0.015 to 0.005). This association was only present for children born at term. Mothers who smoked during pregnancy also had lower placental weight (− 56 g, 95% CI −95 to −17), and further adjustment for placental weight led to nonsignificant results for smoking with both growth and bone parameters, suggesting that these associations may be mediated through placental size and function. Maternal smoking habit in 1996 was not significantly associated with bone mass at any site. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated a long-term negative association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and both growth and bone mass in children born at term, and suggests that the timing of exposure rather than the dose or duration is critical. If these associations are present in other populations and they persist until the attainment of peak bone mass, then our findings suggest that osteoporosis prevention programs should start very early in the life cycle. (J Bone Miner Res 1999;14:146-151)

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Structural changes in placental barrier of smoking mother a quantitative and ulstrastructural study

Cited by 67 publications

References 29 publications

The assessment of nuchal translucency and serum markers for down syndrome screening with ductus venosus Doppler measurements in the first trimester

The assessment of nuchal translucency and serum markers for down syndrome screening with ductus venosus Doppler measurements in the first trimester

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Is Not Associated with Ultrasound-Defined Cerebral White Matter Damage in Preterm Newborns

Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy, Growth, and Bone Mass in Prepubertal Children

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