Structural components of alginic acid. II. The crystalline structure of poly‐α‐<scp>L</scp>‐guluronic acid. Results of X‐ray diffraction and polarized infrared studies

Atkins, E. D. T.; Nieduszynski, Ian A.; Mackie, William; Parker, Kate; Smolko, Eduardo E.

doi:10.1002/bip.1973.360120814

Cited by 185 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…A D-mannuronate prefers a 3-fold left-handed helix with weak intra-molecular hydrogen bonding between the 3-OH group and the ring oxygen of the adjacent residue of the nonreducing side, whereas a L-guluronate forms stiffer 2-fold screw helical chains through intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the carboxyl group and the 2-OH of the reducing side [31][32][33]. This influences the extent of cross ring fragmentations 2,5 A red and 0,4 A red .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence analysis of alginate-derived oligosaccharides by negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2006

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (ES-MS/MS) with collision-induced dissociation (CID) is attempted for sequence determination of alginate oligosaccharides, derived from polyanionic alginic acid, polymannuronate, and polyguluronate by partial depolymerization using either alginate lyase or mild acid hydrolysis. Sixteen homo-and hetero-oligomeric fragments were obtained after fractionation by gel-filtration and strong anion exchange high performance liquid chromatography. The product-ion spectra of these alginate oligosaccharides were dominated by intense B-, C-, Y-, and Z-type ions together with 0,2 A-and 2,5 A-ions of lower intensities. Internal mannuronate residues (M) produce weak but specific decarboxylated Z int -ions (Z int Ϫ 44 Da; int: denotes internal), which can be used for distinction of M and a guluronate residue (G) at an internal position. A reducing terminal M or G, although neither gives rise to a specific ion, can be identified by differences in the intensity ratio of fragment ions of the reducing terminal residue [ [2,3]. Infection with the latter opportunistic pathogen seen in cystic fibrosis patients remains a major health concern [4]. Alginate consists of hexuronic acid residues ␤-Dmannuronic acid (M) and ␣-L-guluronic acid (G) with exclusively 1¡4 glycosidic linkages. Along its linear chain, there are homo-oligomeric regions of mannuronate (M-blocks) and of guluronate (G-blocks) as well as hetero-oligomeric regions (MG-blocks) [5,6]. In contrast to algal alginate and alginate of A. vinelandii, the absence of G-blocks or low ratio of G-to M-blocks is characteristic for alginate from most bacteria such as P. aeruginosa. The alginate coat of P. aeruginosa is known to provide protection from immune defence system. Oligomannuronates have been shown to have an inhibitory effect on reactive oxidizing species production [7] from immune cells, whereas oligoguluronates with similar sizes did not exhibit any significant effect [8]. The physical properties of the alginates have also been well documented and can be used as thermally stable cold setting gelling agents in the presence of calcium ions, gelling at far lower concentrations than gelatin. High G content produces strong, brittle gels with good heat stability whereas high M content produces weaker, more-elastic gels with good freeze-thaw behavior. Alginate oligosaccharide fragments and their derivatives have been widely used as releasing agents in the pharmacy [9], as additives in the food industry [10], and as growth-promoters in agriculture [11]. Recently, it has also found important applications in tissue engineering [12].Polyanionic oligosaccharides such as those derived from glycosaminoglycans have attracted considerable interests recently because of the increased awareness of their functional properties. The functional properties of alginates and their oligosaccharide fragments are intimately linked to the composition (M/G ratio) and sequences of the hexuronic acid M and G residues. Methods for identification of oligosacc...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence analysis of alginate-derived oligosaccharides by negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2006

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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“…The z-length was 200 nm, dwell time at the surface varied from 0 to 500 ms as described in the text and the approach and retract speeds were set at 500 nm.s -1 . Thus, total time for an approach and retract cycle with 0 ms dwell was 800 ms and the time the probe and substrate were within 2 PEG-oligoG hydrodynamic radii (approximately 5-12 nm, assuming the PEG is a random coil and the oligoG is a rod with the length of each G monomer set at 0.435 nm (Atkins, Nieduszynski, Mackie, Parker, & Smolko, 1973) of each other (representing the maximum time available for bonds to be formed in a single approach) was 10-25 ms.…”

Section: Afm Force Spectroscopy Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single molecule investigation of the onset and minimum size of the calcium-mediated junction zone in alginate

Bowman

Aarstad

Nakamura

et al. 2016

Carbohydrate Polymers

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“…al. 14 , the peaks at 2θ=13°and 21.5°are labelled as (110) and (002), respectively (the fibre axis is defined as c-axis). Note that a small shoulder can be observed at 2θ=10.6°in the diffraction pattern in Figure 7b; the origin of this shoulder has been studied in detail in our laboratory and is discussed in another paper 15 .…”

Section: Rehydration Of Alginate-cmc Mixed Gel Beadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drying and Rehydration of Calcium Alginate Gels

Vreeker

Fang

et al. 2008

Food Biophysics

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In this paper, we study the rehydration properties of air-dried calcium alginate gel beads. Rehydration is shown to depend on alginate source (i.e. mannuronic to guluronic acid ratio) and the salt concentration in the rehydration medium. Rehydration curves are described adequately by the empirical Weibull equation. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction measurements are performed to obtain information on the microstructure of dried alginate gels. The X-ray diffraction patterns provide evidence for formation of ordered domains in which alginate polymers are laterally associated. Formation of ordered structures during drying is found to have a large impact on rehydration properties. Lateral association of alginate chains is reduced (and rehydration improved) by removing excess calcium ions from the gel beads in a washing step prior to air drying. In addition, rehydration properties of mixed alginate-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) gel beads are investigated. The presence of CMC in the gel matrix is found to reduce lateral association of alginate chains during drying and to improve rehydration properties.

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Structural components of alginic acid. II. The crystalline structure of poly‐α‐L‐guluronic acid. Results of X‐ray diffraction and polarized infrared studies

Cited by 185 publications

References 10 publications

Sequence analysis of alginate-derived oligosaccharides by negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry

Sequence analysis of alginate-derived oligosaccharides by negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry

Single molecule investigation of the onset and minimum size of the calcium-mediated junction zone in alginate

Drying and Rehydration of Calcium Alginate Gels

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