Structural Defects Play a Major Role in the Acute Lung Toxicity of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes: Toxicological Aspects

Muller, Julie; Huaux, François; Fonseca, A.; Nagy, J.B.; Moreau, Nicolas; Delos, Monique; Raymundo-Piñero, E.; Béguin, François; Kirsch‐Volders, Micheline; Fenoglio, Ivana; Fubini, Bice; Lison, Dominique

doi:10.1021/tx800101p

Cited by 241 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…It has been proposed that the type of carbon nanomaterial (i.e., SW-CNT, MW-CNT, and fullerene), method of production (i.e., chemical vapor deposition, arc discharge, and laser ablation), extent of purity (i.e., refined or unrefined), presence of residual transition metal catalysts, functionality of different reactive groups, dimension, and method of administration can influence the health effects observed with these nanomaterials (Lam et al 2004;Muller et al 2005;Dumortier et al 2006;Magrez et al 2006;Tian et al 2006;Sayes et al 2007;Muller et al 2008;Poland et al 2008;Shvedova et al 2008;Tong et al 2009). One novel characteristic, however, that has gained some consideration is the potential role of carbon bond defects and acid functional groups in eliciting inflammatory and fibrotic responses with exposure to MW-CNTs .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosolization System for Experimental Inhalation Studies of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials

Madl

Teague²,

et al. 2012

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Assessing the human health risks associated with engineered nanomaterials is challenging because of the wide range of plausible exposure scenarios. While exposure to nanomaterials may occur through a number of pathways, inhalation is likely one of the most significant potential routes of exposure in industrial settings. An aerosolization system was developed to administer carbon nanomaterials from a dry bulk medium into airborne particles for delivery into a nose-only inhalation system. Utilization of a cannula-based feed system, diamond-coated wheel, aerosolization chamber, and krypton-85 source allows for delivery of otherwise difficult to produce respirable-sized particles. The particle size distribution (aerodynamic and actual) and morphology were characterized for different aerosolized carbon-based nanomaterials (e.g., single-walled carbon nanotubes and ultrafine carbon black). Airborne particles represented a range of size and morphological characteristics, all of which were agglomerated particles spanning in actual size from the nanosize range (<0.1 µm) to sizes greater than 5 and 10 µm for the particle's largest dimension. At a mass concentration of 1000 µg/m 3 , the size distribution as measured by the inertial impactor ranged from 1.3 to 1.7 µm with a σ g between 1.2 and 1.4 for all nanomaterial types. Because the aerodynamic size distribution is similar across different particle types, this system offers an opportunity to explore mechanisms by which different nanomaterial physicochemical characteristics impart different health effects while theoretically maintaining comparable deposition patterns in the lungs. This sys-

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosolization System for Experimental Inhalation Studies of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials

Madl

Teague²,

et al. 2012

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…The MWNTs were suspended in 1% Tween 80 and physiological saline and administered intratracheally (2 mg/rat). The results show that pulmonary toxicity (and genotoxicity of MWNTs, determined in vitro) were reduced upon heating but restored upon grinding, indicating that the intrinsic toxicity of the tubes was mainly mediated by the presence of defective sites in their carbon framework (Muller et al, 2008).…”

Section: Respiratory Exposure: Pulmonary Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In a mechanistically oriented study, the physicochemical determinants of the MWNTs' toxicity mechanism were investigated (Muller et al, 2008). In this experiment the toxicity of MWNTs was evaluated after the tubes were heated at 600°C (which allowed loss of oxygenated carbon functionalities and reduction of oxidized metals) or at 2400°C (which annealed structural defects and eliminated metals) or after the MWNTs heated at 2400°C were grinded (introduction of structural defects in a metal-deprived framework).…”

Section: Respiratory Exposure: Pulmonary Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo Toxicity Studies of Pristine Carbon Nanotubes: A Review

Kolosnjaj‐Tabi¹,

Szwarc²,

Moussa³

2012

The Delivery of Nanoparticles

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“…First, CNTs can be single-walled, multi-walled (MWCNTs), as well as cup-stacked (CSCNTs), and can differ in terms of length and diameter as well as physiochemical properties such as shape, agglomeration, surface structure, and carbon defects, any of which can influence the toxicological evaluation. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Moreover, impurities in CNTs have been shown to induce oxidative stress, resulting in cellular damage. 28,29 Other factors besides the CNT itself, such as experimental conditions, have also been suggested to contribute to a misleading toxicity evaluation.…”

Section: Haniu Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological responses according to the shape and size of carbon nanotubes in BEAS-2B and MESO-1 cells

Haniu¹,

Matsuda²,

Tsukahara³

et al. 2014

IJN

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This study aimed to investigate the influence of the shape and size of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and cup-stacked carbon nanotubes (CSCNTs) on biological responses in vitro. Three types of MWCNTs – VGCF ® -X, VGCF ® -S, and VGCF ® (vapor grown carbon fibers; with diameters of 15, 80, and 150 nm, respectively) – and three CSCNTs of different lengths (CS-L, 20–80 μm; CS-S, 0.5–20 μm; and CS-M, of intermediate length) were tested. Human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) and malignant pleural mesothelioma cells were exposed to the CNTs (1–50 μg/mL), and cell viability, permeability, uptake, total reactive oxygen species/superoxide production, and intracellular acidity were measured. CSCNTs were less toxic than MWCNTs in both cell types over a 24-hour exposure period. The cytotoxicity of endocytosed MWCNTs varied according to cell type/size, while that of CSCNTs depended on tube length irrespective of cell type. CNT diameter and length influenced cell aggregation and injury extent. Intracellular acidity increased independently of lysosomal activity along with the number of vacuoles in BEAS-2B cells exposed for 24 hours to either CNT (concentration, 10 μg/mL). However, total reactive oxygen species/superoxide generation did not contribute to cytotoxicity. The results demonstrate that CSCNTs could be suitable for biological applications and that CNT shape and size can have differential effects depending on cell type, which can be exploited in the development of highly specialized, biocompatible CNTs.

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Structural Defects Play a Major Role in the Acute Lung Toxicity of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes: Toxicological Aspects

Cited by 241 publications

References 44 publications

Aerosolization System for Experimental Inhalation Studies of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials

Aerosolization System for Experimental Inhalation Studies of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials

In vivo Toxicity Studies of Pristine Carbon Nanotubes: A Review

Biological responses according to the shape and size of carbon nanotubes in BEAS-2B and MESO-1 cells

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