“…For example, Zajonc and Burnstein (1965a: 154-155) pointed out that, 'The theories of balance (Cartwright and Harary, 1956; Heider, 1946; Newcomb, 1953), congruity (Osgood and Tannenbaum, 1955), and dissonance (Festinger, 1957), which deal with the problems of relational consistencies, all assume that balance, congruity, and consonance are the "normal", "expected", and "desired" state of affairs, while imbalance, incongruity, and dissonance are the "unexpected" and the "undesired" states, producing strain and discomfort'. Specifically, because balance is the 'expected' and 'desired' state and because imbalance is the 'unexpected' and the 'undesired' state, one group of studies investigating balance has used a dependent variable tapping the expectancy construct (e.g., Zajonc and Burnstein, 1965a and b;Morisette, 1958;Shrader and Lewit, 1962), whereas another group has used a dependent variable tapping the desirability construct (e.g., Jordan, 1953: Hershkowitz, 1954Rodrigues, 1966;etc.). ' In general, the common dimension underlying operationalizations of the expectancy construct appears to be perceived probability of occurrence (cf.…”