Bias in the recalled spacing of human figures in visual displays may be due to unit-defining cultural stereotypes (Kuethe's social schemas) or to physical requirements for communication between persons represented by such figures (kinetic schemas). Kuethe's results were replicated only for manipulable man and woman cutouts in a forward-facing position. In a series of experiments the following conditions were introduced: lateral orientation of figures, implied speed of figures (posture), animal pairs, tachistoscopic exposure, and indirect manipulation of figures. It is concluded that cultural stereotypes may determine spacing bias when figures lack postures denoting action and when doll-play manipulational cues are present, but that kinetic schemas relating to communication operate to produce different effects when action cues are present and manipulational cues absent.
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