“…Within this dynamic, we might expect one state’s action to either promote the action of another or promote the inaction of another as incentives for inaction mount, allowing such a state to, e.g., benefit from economic gains due to laxer environmental standards. However, the fact remains that we “know relatively little about the conditions under which such attempts are likely to succeed,” [5]. Indeed, state influence is a foundational concept for scholars and practitioners of international politics [7, 8], and while there have been attempts to develop systematic measurements of influence [9, 10], such approaches suffer from interpretation and inferential challenges [11].…”