Structural health monitoring of composite-based UAVs using simultaneous fiber optic interrogation by static Rayleigh-based distributed sensing and dynamic fiber Bragg grating point sensors

Tur, Moshe; Sovran, Ido; Bergman, Arik; Motil, Avi; Shapira, Osher; Ben-Simon, U.; Kressel, Iddo

doi:10.1117/12.2195173

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Despite the above restrictions, our results and those of other studies [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ] successfully demonstrated that high-resolution Brillouin analysis of fibers embedded in composites may provide significant data that is difficult to obtain otherwise. Knowledge of spatially-continuous temperature and strain profiles can be highly instrumental in design validation and verification of scaled models; in quality control of production; in extraction of material parameters; in early detection of flaws during the life cycle of structures; and in failure analysis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

“…Optical fibers also support distributed analysis protocols of both temperature and strain, based on the principles of Raman [ 19 ], Rayleigh [ 20 ] or Brillouin scattering [ 21 , 22 ], in which every section of the fiber itself serves as an independent sensing node. Coherent analysis of Rayleigh back-scatter was used in static strain measurements within the wing of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) [ 23 ]. Distributed Brillouin sensors were introduced to SHM in aircrafts in 2001 [ 24 ], and to the analysis of large-scale composite structures in 2003 [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brillouin Optical Correlation Domain Analysis in Composite Material Beams

Stern

London

Preter

et al. 2017

Sensors

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Structural health monitoring is a critical requirement in many composites. Numerous monitoring strategies rely on measurements of temperature or strain (or both), however these are often restricted to point-sensing or to the coverage of small areas. Spatially-continuous data can be obtained with optical fiber sensors. In this work, we report high-resolution distributed Brillouin sensing over standard fibers that are embedded in composite structures. A phase-coded, Brillouin optical correlation domain analysis (B-OCDA) protocol was employed, with spatial resolution of 2 cm and sensitivity of 1 °K or 20 micro-strain. A portable measurement setup was designed and assembled on the premises of a composite structures manufacturer. The setup was successfully utilized in several structural health monitoring scenarios: (a) monitoring the production and curing of a composite beam over 60 h; (b) estimating the stiffness and Young’s modulus of a composite beam; and (c) distributed strain measurements across the surfaces of a model wing of an unmanned aerial vehicle. The measurements are supported by the predictions of structural analysis calculations. The results illustrate the potential added values of high-resolution, distributed Brillouin sensing in the structural health monitoring of composites.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brillouin Optical Correlation Domain Analysis in Composite Material Beams

Stern

London

Preter

et al. 2017

Sensors

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“…Nevertheless, in some application scenarios, real loading conditions are not always simple to reproduce and to predict; therefore, detection methods with unknown input force could be more desirable despite a loss of accuracy. The idea proposed herein is to detect damage occurrences without any preliminary characterization of the healthy component, instead using measured strain value [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. To this end, the effect of the damage over the strain signature is exploited in order to identify a set of features that allows for an effective representation of the present faults.…”

Section: The Shm Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Results of a Structural Health Monitoring System Application for Real-Time Debonding Detection on a Full-Scale Composite Spar

Ciminello

Sikorski

Galasso

et al. 2023

Sensors

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The present paper reports the outcomes of activities concerning a real-time SHM system for debonding flaw detection based on ground testing of an aircraft structural component as a basis for condition-based maintenance. In this application, a damage detection method unrelated to structural or load models is investigated. In the reported application, the system is applied for real-time detection of two flaws, kissing bond type, artificially deployed over a full-scale composite spar under the action of external bending loads. The proposed algorithm, local high-edge onset (LHEO), detects damage as an edge onset in both the space and time domains, correlating current strain levels to next strain levels within a sliding inner product proportional to the sensor step and the acquisition time interval, respectively. Real-time implementation can run on a consumer-grade computer. The SHM algorithm was written in Matlab and compiled as a Python module, then called from a multiprocess wrapper code with separate operations for data reception and data elaboration. The proposed SHM system is made of FBG arrays, an interrogator, an in-house SHM code, an original decoding software (SW) for real-time implementation of multiple SHM algorithms and a continuous interface with an external operator.

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“…The stochastic density fluctuations along the fiber lead to a random longitudinal profile of refractive index, which partially reflects the incident light. Hence, the fiber used in the coherent Rayleigh sensor is usually modeled as a long, weak FBG with random amplitude and pitch [23], [24]. The light backscattered within the pulse width interferes randomly, resulting in irregular temporal and spectral shapes.…”

Section: B Temperature Sensitivity Enhancement For Smf With Standardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the Fiber Coating on the Temperature Response of Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors at Cryogenic Ranges

Soto

Thévenaz

2018

J. Lightwave Technol.

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The thermomechanical behavior of a standard singlemode fiber with different coating materials is theoretically analyzed under different temperature conditions. Results show that the thermal expansion/shrinkage of the fiber coating introduces an extra strain on the optical fiber and can modify its thermal response. Distributed fiber sensors based on coherent Rayleigh and Brillouin scatterings are employed to characterize the impact of different coatings on the temperature sensitivity. The standard coating with dual-layer demonstrates a little influence on the thermal response at room temperature due to the softness of primary coating, but it increases the temperature sensitivity by some 50% at ∼220 K as the primary coating becomes stiffer at low temperature. Optical fibers with aluminum and Ormocer coatings are also experimentally tested. All the measured results agree well with the theoretical analysis.

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Structural health monitoring of composite-based UAVs using simultaneous fiber optic interrogation by static Rayleigh-based distributed sensing and dynamic fiber Bragg grating point sensors

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

Brillouin Optical Correlation Domain Analysis in Composite Material Beams

Brillouin Optical Correlation Domain Analysis in Composite Material Beams

Preliminary Results of a Structural Health Monitoring System Application for Real-Time Debonding Detection on a Full-Scale Composite Spar

Impact of the Fiber Coating on the Temperature Response of Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors at Cryogenic Ranges

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