Structural health monitoring of timber structures – Review of available methods and case studies

Palma, Pedro; Steiger, René

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118528

Cited by 76 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 93 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The main objective of this work is to propose a calibration method that uses the acoustic emission non-destructive technique (AE-NDT) as an early warning tool for detecting crack propagation in wood materials used during in situ structural health monitoring campaigns. AE is, in fact, a well-known non-destructive monitoring technique widely employed for laboratory tests [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ] but still rarely used for in situ structural health monitoring purposes, particularly of architectural structures [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Application for monitoring wood-based structures are completely lacking in the literature and this study intends to fill such a gap since it is part of a wider research project funded by the Norwegian Research Council (i.e., SyMBoL-Sustainable Management of Heritage Building in a Long-term Perspective Project) involving on-site monitoring of wood-based architectural structures by means of AE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration Method for Monitoring Hygro-Mechanical Reactions of Pine and Oak Wood by Acoustic Emission Nondestructive Testing

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The main issue of wood is its sensitivity to Relative Humidity (RH) variations, affecting its dimensional stability, and thus leading to crack formations and propagations. In situ structural health monitoring campaigns imply the use of portable noninvasive techniques such as acoustic emission, used for real-time detection of energy released when cracks form and grow. This paper proposes a calibration method, i.e., acoustic emission, as an early warning tool for estimating the length of new formed cracks. The predictability of ductile and brittle fracture mechanisms based on acoustic emission features was investigated, as well as climate-induced damage effect, leading to a strain-hardening mechanism. Tensile tests were performed on specimens submitted to a 50% RH variation and coated with chemicals to limit moisture penetration through the radial surfaces. Samples were monitored for acoustic emission using a digital camera to individuate calibration curves that correlated the total emitted energy with the crack propagation, specifically during brittle fracture mechanism, since equations provide the energy to create a new surface as the crack propagates. The dynamic surface energy value was also evaluated and used to define a Locus of Equilibrium of the energy surface rate for crack initiation and arrest, as well as to experimentally demonstrate the proven fluctuation concept.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration Method for Monitoring Hygro-Mechanical Reactions of Pine and Oak Wood by Acoustic Emission Nondestructive Testing

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A principle of UT is that induced stress waves generated from an actuator are used to detect and analyze damage conditions, defects and variability of mechanical properties of elements (ASTM E1316-16, 2016). During testing, signal analysis is used to determine material properties such as modulus of elasticity because some wave characteristics differ from the properties and geometry of the medium of propagation [113]. Ultrasonic pulses are produced when an electric charge is applied to a piezoelectric crystal, causing it to vibrate for a while at frequencies depending on the thickness of the material or crystal.…”

Section: Ultrasonic Methods 91 Introduction and Principle Of The Appmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advancements in Non-Destructive Testing Techniques for Structural Health Monitoring

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is an important aspect of the assessment of various structures and infrastructure, which involves inspection, monitoring, and maintenance to support economics, quality of life and sustainability in civil engineering. Currently, research has been conducted in order to develop non-destructive techniques for SHM to extend the lifespan of monitored structures. This paper will review and summarize the recent advancements in non-destructive testing techniques, namely, sweep frequency approach, ground penetrating radar, infrared technique, fiber optics sensors, camera-based methods, laser scanner techniques, acoustic emission and ultrasonic techniques. Although some of the techniques are widely and successfully utilized in civil engineering, there are still challenges that researchers are addressing. One of the common challenges within the techniques is interpretation, analysis and automation of obtained data, which requires highly skilled and specialized experts. Therefore, researchers are investigating and applying artificial intelligence, namely machine learning algorithms to address the challenges. In addition, researchers have combined multiple techniques in order to improve accuracy and acquire additional parameters to enhance the measurement processes. This study mainly focuses on the scope and recent advancements of the Non-destructive Testing (NDT) application for SHM of concrete, masonry, timber and steel structures.

show abstract

“…Other critical parameters should be taken into account during the selection of appropriate sensors for structural health monitoring; these include stiffness, moisture, density, dynamical properties, deformations, decay, cracks and delaminations, inhomogeneity, and modulus of elasticity The data in Table 6 illustrates that the material parameters influence the selection of an appropriate method for structural health monitoring [ 78 ]. For example, electrical resistance, hygrometric, and dielectric methods were best suited for assessing moisture damage, including material decay.…”

Section: Sensors For Health Monitoring Of Agricultural Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring of Agricultural Structures

Maraveas

Bartzanas

2021

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The health diagnosis of agricultural structures is critical to detecting damages such as cracks in concrete, corrosion, spalling, and delamination. Agricultural structures are susceptible to environmental degradation due to frequent exposure to water, organic effluent, farm chemicals, structural loading, and unloading. Various sensors have been employed for accurate and real-time monitoring of agricultural building structures, including electrochemical, ultrasonic, fiber-optic, piezoelectric, wireless, fiber Bragg grating sensors, and self-sensing concrete. The cost–benefits of each type of sensor and utility in a farm environment are explored in the review. Current literature suggests that the functionality of sensors has improved with progress in technology. Notable improvements made with the progress in technology include better accuracy of the measurements, reduction of signal-to-noise ratio, and transmission speed, and the deployment of machine learning, deep learning, and artificial intelligence in smart IoT-based agriculture. Key challenges include inconsistent installation of sensors in farm structures, technical constraints, and lack of support infrastructure, awareness, and preference for traditional inspection methods.

show abstract

Structural health monitoring of timber structures – Review of available methods and case studies

Cited by 76 publications

References 93 publications

Calibration Method for Monitoring Hygro-Mechanical Reactions of Pine and Oak Wood by Acoustic Emission Nondestructive Testing

Calibration Method for Monitoring Hygro-Mechanical Reactions of Pine and Oak Wood by Acoustic Emission Nondestructive Testing

Recent Advancements in Non-Destructive Testing Techniques for Structural Health Monitoring

Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring of Agricultural Structures

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About