Structural heterogeneity of cellooligomers homogeneous according to high-resolution size-exclusion chromatography

Hamacher, Kurt; Schmid, Georg; Sahm, Hermann; Wandrey, C.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)90567-9

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Yields of individual cellodextrins G 3 to G 6 vary depending on the conditions of hydrolysis, but they usually total 10 to 20% of the original amount of cellulose (447,618). There is evidence that even purified cellodextrins contain trace amounts of chromatographically distinct carbohydrate oligomers of unknown structure (240).…”

Section: Physiology Of Cellulolytic Microorganismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Cellulose Utilization: Fundamentals and Biotechnology

Lynd

Weimer

Zyl³

et al. 2002

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

4,045

2,868

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Fundamental features of microbial cellulose utilization are examined at successively higher levels of aggregation encompassing the structure and composition of cellulosic biomass, taxonomic diversity, cellulase enzyme systems, molecular biology of cellulase enzymes, physiology of cellulolytic microorganisms, ecological aspects of cellulase-degrading communities, and rate-limiting factors in nature. The methodological basis for studying microbial cellulose utilization is considered relative to quantification of cells and enzymes in the presence of solid substrates as well as apparatus and analysis for cellulose-grown continuous cultures. Quantitative description of cellulose hydrolysis is addressed with respect to adsorption of cellulase enzymes, rates of enzymatic hydrolysis, bioenergetics of microbial cellulose utilization, kinetics of microbial cellulose utilization, and contrasting features compared to soluble substrate kinetics. A biological perspective on processing cellulosic biomass is presented, including features of pretreated substrates and alternative process configurations. Organism development is considered for “consolidated bioprocessing” (CBP), in which the production of cellulolytic enzymes, hydrolysis of biomass, and fermentation of resulting sugars to desired products occur in one step. Two organism development strategies for CBP are examined: (i) improve product yield and tolerance in microorganisms able to utilize cellulose, or (ii) express a heterologous system for cellulose hydrolysis and utilization in microorganisms that exhibit high product yield and tolerance. A concluding discussion identifies unresolved issues pertaining to microbial cellulose utilization, suggests approaches by which such issues might be resolved, and contrasts a microbially oriented cellulose hydrolysis paradigm to the more conventional enzymatically oriented paradigm in both fundamental and applied contexts

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Section: Physiology Of Cellulolytic Microorganismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Cellulose Utilization: Fundamentals and Biotechnology

Lynd

Weimer

Zyl³

et al. 2002

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

4,045

2,868

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“…Indeed, cellodextrins can be produced as intermediate products after partial acidic depolymerization of cellulose and nitrocellulose, the latter one being used as explosive. Separation of cellodextrin oligomers is more difficult than maltodextrin ones (␣-1,4-linked units) [51], although noteworthy LC separations were reported by anion exchange [51], size exclusion [52], partition on cationic exchangers [53] or in reversed phase mode [54] with refractive index [52][53][54] or absorbance detection after postcolumn derivatization [51]. Faster separations of cellodextrin oligomers were also demonstrated in CE [39,[55][56][57] or in chip format [58] in various DP ranges (DP2-DP4 [55], DP1-DP6 [56,58], DP2-DP8 [39], DP2-DP15 [57], but in all cases under derivatized forms (4-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester [55,56], 4-aminobenzonitrile [56], APTS [39,57,58].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of underivatized cellodextrin oligosaccharides by capillary electrophoresis with direct photochemically induced UV‐detection

et al. 2015

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Analysis of underivatized cellodextrin oligosaccharides by capillary electrophoresis with direct photochemically induced UV-detectionThis work focuses on the development of a CE method allowing, for the first time, the simultaneous separation of the underivatized first seven cellodextrin oligomers (glucose, cellobiose, cellotriose, cellotetraose, cellopentaose, cellohexaose, and celloheptaose), with a view to analyze the hydrolysates obtained after partial acid depolymerization of nitrocellulose, and eight carbohydrates (ribose, xylose, fructose, mannose, galactose, maltose, lactose, and sucrose), which might be potential interfering compounds in explosives samples. Separation was achieved with a highly alkaline BGE containing sodium chloride and direct mid-UV-absorbance detection was performed after photo-oxidation in the detection window. EOF was reversed to speed up the analysis using a dynamic capillary coating by hexadimethrine bromide. A central composite design was carried out to determine the effects of BGE conductivity and sodium hydroxide concentration on resolutions between neighboring peaks, and analysis time. A desirability analysis on modeled responses was applied to maximize resolutions and to minimize analysis time. The simultaneous analysis in 20 min total runtime of the 15 carbohydrates plus internal reference (naphthalene sulfonate) was carried out at 25°C with a BGE composed of 77.4 mM NaOH and 183 mM NaCl to adjust the conductivity at the optimum value. Finally, the resolution robustness was checked. This new method should also be of interest to monitor food and nonfood crop products. Keywords:Cellodextrins / Capillary electrophoresis / Design of experiments / Direct UV detection / Oligosaccharide DOI 10.1002/elps.201400605Additional supporting information may be found in the online version of this article at the publisher's web-site IntroductionCarbohydrates are ubiquitous compounds in the living world, as natural and degradation products, metabolites, or conjugates. They are also widely used as food or beverage additives. This class of compounds of tremendous complexity actually encompasses a variety of molecules differing in size (mono-, oligo-, and polysaccharides), epimerization or isomerization, glycosidic linkage, branching, and functionality , and mixed modes [11,13] have all been commonly employed. Separations have been based on hydrogen bonding, size, complexing ability, and in some cases charge. As far as detection is concerned, great difficulties are encountered due to the lack of a chromophoric moiety. According to the sensitivity requirements and separation mode, different detection strategies have been implemented, namely, without-or with pre-or postcolumn

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“…Furthermore, a number of direct hydrolysis techniques has been reported that exploit different acids (including sulfuric acid [10], mixtures of hydrochloric and sulfuric acid [85], and weak acids such as pivaloyl acid (pivaloylysis) [86]) and methods that apply water under supercritical conditions [87] without using any chemical catalyst. For many of these methods, a thorough control of process parameters, especially acid concentration, temperature, reaction time, and the nature of the acids and solvents is crucial in order to avoid the formation of unwanted side products [88]. These approaches are discussed in more detail in the following sections.…”

Section: Generation Of Oligosaccharides By Degradation Of Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The preparation of cellooligosaccharides from cellulose by applying hydrochloric acid was first reported by Zechmeister et al [94] in 1931, later explored by Jermyn [95], and published with modifications by Miller et al [83,96,97], Hamacher et al [88], and Huebner et al [98]. The procedure starts with a pre-wetting of cellulose powder in saturated HCl (37% w/w) solution at room temperature, which favors homogeneity in the subsequent stages.…”

Section: Hydrochloric Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two alternatives have therefore been developed: (1) preliminary HCl removal by vacuum suction before the neutralizing agent is added [98], necessitating trapping of the evaporated hydrochloric acid gas, and (2) a rather laborious but effective washing procedure with 1-propanol and ethanol [88], which allows the simultaneous removal of excess acid and the main hydrolysis products, glucose and cellobiose. Another possibility would be the application of an anion exchange resin [80], which has the drawback of temperature gradients in the resin bed as a result of the high acid concentration employed.…”

Section: Hydrochloric Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation and Analysis of Cello- and Xylooligosaccharides

Vejdovszky

Oberlerchner

Zweckmair

et al. 2015

Advances in Polymer Science

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This review provides a general overview of preparation, separation, and analytical methods for cello-and xylooligosaccharides. Arising as side-stream products of different biorefinery processes, these compounds have increasingly gained the interest of researchers and engineers in the last few decades. Beside their application as additives in the food, feed, and pharmaceutical industries, these oligomeric carbohydrates are of key importance as model compounds for studying the dependence of physicochemical properties on the degree of polymerization (DP). First, different preparation methods for mixtures of oligosaccharides with DPs between 1 and 30 are discussed. These methods include acetolysis, acid and enzymatic hydrolysis, and glycoside synthesis. Then, separation techniques, including size exclusion chromatography, normal phase and hydrophilic interaction chromatography, and chromatography on cation exchange resins, are presented. Analysis of oligosaccharides by different techniques is described.

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Structural heterogeneity of cellooligomers homogeneous according to high-resolution size-exclusion chromatography

Cited by 28 publications

References 16 publications

Microbial Cellulose Utilization: Fundamentals and Biotechnology

Microbial Cellulose Utilization: Fundamentals and Biotechnology

Analysis of underivatized cellodextrin oligosaccharides by capillary electrophoresis with direct photochemically induced UV‐detection

Preparation and Analysis of Cello- and Xylooligosaccharides

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