Structural investigations of Fe-Ga alloys by high-energy x-ray diffraction

Phase transformations and magnetostriction in Fe100−xGax bulk alloys

“…In general, therefore, the studied samples in the as-cast state follow the behaviour already observed by other studies [26], where faint superlattice lines were observed starting for alloys with Ga at.% greater than 21% [44], revealing that the out-of-equilibrium solidification conditions were able to quench a certain amount of the ordered phase stable at temperatures > 588 • C, whereas after annealing, the D0 3 phase, when present in the as-cast samples, transforms into the A2 one, eventually disappearing as expected owing to its metastability at room temperature.…”

“…The identification of ordered and disordered FeGa phases through standard laboratory X-ray diffraction is a difficult task, since the superlattice lines, produced by atomic ordering, are very weak and difficult to detect since Fe and Ga have similar atomic number (Z = 26 and 31, respectively) and hence similar scattering factors [26,42]. In addition, the fundamental lines of bcc-derived phases appear at very similar angular positions since the atomic ordering does not produce appreciable changes in lattice parameters.…”

“…In addition, as will be discussed later, distinguishing between the disordered A2 and the ordered D0 3 phase is extremely difficult and requires sophisticated characterisation techniques, such as SAED [25] or high energy X-ray diffraction [26]. For these reasons, since the magnetostrictive properties are strictly dependent on the phase composition and stability, studies aiming at contributing to a comprehensive assessment of the structure-properties relationships in the Fe-Ga alloy system are particularly valuable.…”

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“…The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of the sputtered FeGa layer shows its polycrystalline structure (Figure 1a). The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis reveals that the Fe/Ga atomic ratio is 72:28 (±5%) (Figure 1c, i.e., close to the alloy composition that is known to exhibit the highest magnetostriction coefficient for this alloy 39 ). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern (inset in Figure 1d) indicates that the FeGa film grows in the expected body centered cubic (bcc) structure, and it is textured along the (110) direction.…”