Structural landscape investigations on bendable plastic crystals of isonicotinamide polymorphs

Integrating 2D elasticity and elastoplasticity into a multi-stimuli-responsive crystal through phase transitions

“…[38][39][40][41][42][43] Forms I, II and V had been reported to have plastic properties. 44 Here, we found that one of the two INA monohydrates (named ''form H'' here for convenience) has two different crystal morphologies accompanying distinct mechanical properties, where the acicular crystal could be 2D elastically bent and the rod-like crystal is brittle. Moreover, the crystal of form H is sensitive to heat and humidity due to the easy removal of water molecules during the phase transitions from an acicular form H to forms I and II, which is further accompanied by the dynamic behaviors such as elongation, displacement and deformation.…”

“…5). 44 Adjacent pÁ Á Áp columns along the c axis with different orientations are further interconnected via N-HÁ Á ÁO hydrogen bonds (2.934 Å) to form a staggered structure. The columns are connected via C-HÁ Á ÁN weak interactions (3.424 Å) and separated from each other by an interval of 1.463 Å along the a axis, allowing the formation of slip planes parallel to (100) faces confirmed by face indexing (Fig.…”

Mechanoresponsive Flexible Crystals

“…39,46,47 It is proposed that these flexible layers slip over each other through the reorganization of weaker intermolecular interactions, leading to the formation of domains with slightly altered lattice orientations. 39,46,47 Based on this model, in 2016, Reddy et al utilized a structural configuration featuring weak interaction and introduced active slip planes to enable plastic bending (Figure 1B). 48 Their approach involved leveraging various supramolecular weak interactions, including van transform the plastic bending of a common 1,4-dibromobenzene crystal from one-dimensional (1D) to two-dimensional (2D) (Figure 1C).…”

Weathering and degradation of polylactic acid masks in a simulated environment in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and their effects on the growth of winter grazing ryegrass

“…Since the first case of new coronavirus pneumonia was discovered at the end of 2019, this new coronavirus has spread to 211 countries and regions. The World Health Organization (WHO) believes that a global pandemic is underway, and the world is facing a large-scale virus crisis [23] , [31] , [36] , [42] , [49] . The wearing and production of medical masks, as a low-cost and effective means of protection, are encouraged by governments.…”