2020
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.11.010
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Structural Mimicry Drives HIV-1 Rev-Mediated HERV-K Expression

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Cited by 14 publications
(10 citation statements)
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“…Subsequently, it was indicated that in vitro experiments simulating physiological infectious doses, the expression level of global HERV-K (HML-2) in cell lines did not change significantly, but some individual HML-2 elements were significantly upregulated (Vincendeau et al, 2015;Young et al, 2018;Gray et al, 2019). This suggests that HIV-1 infection may have a selective effect on the expression of HERV-K (HML-2) in cells, and the expression of each element may vary with the infectious dose and time of infection (Contreras-Galindo et al, 2017;O'Carroll et al, 2020). In addition, as a retrovirus, HIV evolves rapidly and has comprehensive diversity.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Subsequently, it was indicated that in vitro experiments simulating physiological infectious doses, the expression level of global HERV-K (HML-2) in cell lines did not change significantly, but some individual HML-2 elements were significantly upregulated (Vincendeau et al, 2015;Young et al, 2018;Gray et al, 2019). This suggests that HIV-1 infection may have a selective effect on the expression of HERV-K (HML-2) in cells, and the expression of each element may vary with the infectious dose and time of infection (Contreras-Galindo et al, 2017;O'Carroll et al, 2020). In addition, as a retrovirus, HIV evolves rapidly and has comprehensive diversity.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Previous studies have demonstrated that ERE activity is widely changed in response to the HIV-1 lifecycle 21,22,27,29,31 and certain HIV-1 associated comorbidities 62,63 . ERE expression is also susceptible to changes the in epigenetics and immunity that are elicited during viral infections and the host response 64 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In humans, EREs include long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs), short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), and human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) 20 . Previous studies have demonstrated that ERE activity is highly susceptible to change during infection with HIV-1 2131 . While IFN-I signaling may activate EREs proximal to interferon stimulated genes (ISGs), other EREs, such as HERV elements, can be directly trans-activated by HIV-1 cofactors due to high sequence homology between endogenous and exogenous retroviruses 21,22,24,32,33 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…HIV transactivator of transcription (Tat) protein can stimulate expression of HERV-K and HERV-W in astrocytes and peripheral blood cells and that of HERV-W also indirectly via TLR4 and proinflammatory cytokine (TNFα, NF-κB) production (Uleri et al, 2014). Using mimicry, HIV rev, which mediates nuclear export of HIV messenger RNA (mRNA), also mediates the nuclear export of HERV-K mRNA, thereby promoting HERV-K translation (O'Carroll et al, 2020). Exogenous viruses can further facilitate expression of endogenous superantigens, linked in particular with the CNSaffecting autoimmune diseases (Acha-Orbea, 1992).…”
Section: Interplay Between Endogenous and Exogenous Virusesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Further augmentation of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in HAND comes from HIV and infectioninduced cytokines' (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) ability to dynamically activate HERVs, such as HERV-W (Uleri et al, 2014) and HERV-K (Bhardwaj et al, 2014;O'Carroll et al, 2020). In particular, HIV induces HERV-K transcription and can trigger adaptive immune response against the HERV-K capsid protein (de Mulder et al, 2017).…”
Section: Hiv-associated Neurodegenerative Disordermentioning
confidence: 99%