The
practical and widespread application of photocatalysts is limited
by the problem of visible-light absorption, the immediate recombination
of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, and the low number of
active sites on their surface. We synthesized a series of novel TiO2 QDs/ZnBi2O4 nanocomposites through
the hydrothermal method to overcome these problems. The formation
of nanocomposites and their features were investigated by X-ray diffraction,
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron
microscopy, photocurrent, field-emission scanning electron microscopy,
transmission electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,
photoluminescence, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, ultraviolet–visible
diffuse reflection spectroscopy, and total organic carbon techniques.
Among the different ratios of nanocomposites, the TiO2 QDs/ZnBi2O4 (10%) displayed the highest photocatalytic activity
under visible-light irradiation, and the corresponding rhodamine B
(RhB) degradation rate constant was 1022 × 10–4 min–1, which was nearly 77 and 5.9 times that
of the TiO2 and TiO2 QD samples, respectively.
In light of the mechanism study, the photocatalytic activity improvement
can be ascribed to the p–n heterojunction formation, which
led to an increase in the visible-light absorption, suppression of
electron–hole recombination, and promotion of charge-carrier
transfer. h+, •O2
–, and •OH were also identified as active species
responsible for RhB photodegradation through the scavenging test.
Phenol, Congo red, malachite green, and methyl orange were also degraded
as various pollutants to ensure the prepared nanocomposites’
potential for practical applications. The nanocomposite stability
was assessed during reuse evaluation experiments and showed good stability
after four consecutive cycles. This work proposes a novel nanocomposite
and provides an overview of its features for future applications.