Structural, optical, photocatalytic, and antimicrobial activities of cobalt-doped tin oxide nanoparticles

Abstract

In this study, pure and Co-doped tin oxide (SnO 2 ) nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel method, and the effect of Co-doping on the structural, optical, photocatalytic, and antimicrobial activities was studied. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), highresolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and N 2 adsorption/desorption analysis. The XRD patterns of all the samples are identified as tetragonal rutile-type SnO 2 phase which is further confirmed by TEM analysis. The optical spectra showed redshift in the absorption edge of doped samples, which enhances their absorption toward the visible light region. The photocatalytic activity of all the samples was assessed by monitoring the degradation of methylene blue solution under daylight illumination, and it was found that the photocatalytic activity significantly increases with the increase in dopant concentration, which is due to the effective charge separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. The antimicrobial studies investigated against standard bacterial and fungal strains showed enhanced antimicrobial activity in doped samples, which can be attributed to the production of reactive oxygen species and large surface area of the nanoparticles. Graphical abstract

Fabrication of Zr-doped SnO2 nanoparticles with synergistic influence for improved visible-light photocatalytic action and antibacterial performance

“…All the Zr-doped SnO 2 NPs illustrate improved bacteriological retardant performance equated to the pristine sample besides the experienced pathogenic microbes. The inadequate antibacterial movement detected for the pristine SnO 2 NPs might be owing to its short diffusivity which inhibits the interface amongst the nanomaterials and microbial kinds (Chandran et al 2015). The heightened antibacterial efficacy detected for the 4% of Zr:SnO 2 NPs might be owed to the contact amid their amended shells and microbes owing to adsorption-desorption and also chemical/physical capabilities.…”

Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activity, and Photocatalytic Performance of Ce Doped SnO2 Nanoparticles

“…At a concentration of 4 mg or above, Ce doped SnO 2 NPs showed potent antibacterial activities (Table 1). Previously, other metal ions doped with SnO 2 like Co-doped SnO 2 , Cu-doped SnO 2 , Fe-doped SnO 2 , and Ag-doped SnO 2 nanoparticles have also been reported for their antibacterial activities (Chandran et al, 2015;Nasir et al, 2017;Ali et al, 2018;Baig et al, 2020;Sathishkumar and Geethalakshmi, 2020). Generally, nanoparticles kill the bacteria through cell membrane disruption, free radical formation causing reactive oxygen species responsible for antibacterial action (Sirelkhatim et al, 2015).…”

“…Apart from antimicrobial activities, other important biological properties like anticancer, antitumor, and antioxidant activities have also been reported using green synthesized SnO 2 nanoparticles (Kamaraj et al, 2014;Khan et al, 2018). However, when doped with transition metal ions, SnO 2 disinfects microbes with good efficiency, i.e., Co-doped SnO 2 and Ag-doped SnO 2 nanoparticles have shown potent antibacterial activities (Chandran et al, 2015;Nasir et al, 2017;Qamar et al, 2017;Ali et al, 2018). Only a few reports are available on antimicrobial activities of Ce doped metal oxide NPs.…”

A study on Co doped SnO2 loaded corn cob activated carbon for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye

“…Toloman et al, [22] have reported that the photocatalytic activity of SnO 2 was enhanced due to cobalt doping and they observed the fast trapping of photogenerated electrons by the Co dopants. Chandran et al, [23] synthesized SnO 2 with different concentration of Co 2+ they observed a highest photodegradation of Co/SnO 2 . Moreover, Mani et al, [24] prepared SnO 2 shows the band gap energy is reduced with the codoping and they observed a highest photodegradation.…”