Structural Relaxation of Interface of {332}⟨113⟩ Twin in βTi Alloy

The influence of β phase stability on deformation mode and compressive mechanical properties of Ti–10V–3Fe–3Al alloy

“…The authors of Refs. [18,37,38] confirmed that such x are induced by stress. Oka and Taniguchi [37] proposed that the instability of b phase with respect to x phase facilitates the shuffling motion of the atoms in {3 3 2}h1 1 3ib twinning.…”

“…Oka and Taniguchi [37] proposed that the instability of b phase with respect to x phase facilitates the shuffling motion of the atoms in {3 3 2}h1 1 3ib twinning. Due to such an instability, the shuffling in {3 3 2}h1 1 3ib twinning may cause the formation of stress-induced x. Takemoto et al [38] reported that local relaxation happens through the atomic displacements along h1 1 1i when the atomic shuffling occurs to form {3 3 2}h1 1 3ib twinning, thus x can be formed due to the displacements along h1 1 1i. The x phase presence only inside the twin in b grain indicates that such relaxation predominantly takes place in the twin [38].…”

“…Due to such an instability, the shuffling in {3 3 2}h1 1 3ib twinning may cause the formation of stress-induced x. Takemoto et al [38] reported that local relaxation happens through the atomic displacements along h1 1 1i when the atomic shuffling occurs to form {3 3 2}h1 1 3ib twinning, thus x can be formed due to the displacements along h1 1 1i. The x phase presence only inside the twin in b grain indicates that such relaxation predominantly takes place in the twin [38]. In the present study, we also obtained the typical orientation relationship between b and x, which indicates that x inside the primary twins formed due to the atomic displacements along h1 1 1i during the twin formation (Fig.…”

“…Similar stress-induced x phase with a single variant inside the twins was also found in Refs. [18,37,38]. The authors of Refs.…”

Origin of {332} twinning in metastable β-Ti alloys

“…Several models of the movement of atoms required in the {332}<11 3 > twinning have been presented so far [38,[44][45][46][47][48], and it has been considered that lattice instability of the metastable  phase allows such complex movement of atoms and makes the {332}<11 3 > twinning possible [18,46,49]. We point out however that if such a large magnitude of shuffle required in the {332}<11 3 > twinning is allowed to occur in practice, there are many other twinning modes which are considered to be possible in addition to the {332}<11 3 > twinning.…”