Structural specializations for antigen uptake and processing in the digestive tract

Owen, Robert L.; Ermak, Thomas H.

doi:10.1007/bf00197502

Cited by 56 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…During the active pinocytosis and phagocytosis of luminal contents in M cells, the area of apical membranes is considered to be depleted by vesicle formation, resulting in attenuation of cytoplasmic projections in M cells [20]. In the present study, during the differentiation process from immature epithelial cells to M cells, the microvilli gradually reduced their lengths, but the microfillament bundles did not.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 41%

Ultrastructural Study on the Differentiation and the Fate of M cells in Follicle-Associated Epithelium of Rat Peyer's Patch

Onishi

Yokoyama

Chin

et al. 2007

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The differentiation process of immature microvillous epithelial cells to M cells and the fate of M cells in the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues are still unclear. In this study, the differentiation process and the fate of M cells were clarified in rat Peyer's patches under a transmission electron microscope. Almost all immature epithelial cells were found to possess long, slender microvilli, which gradually shortened, thickened and dispersed as the immature epithelial cells migrated away from the crypt orifices. These morphological changes started in the centers and moved to the peripheries of the apical surfaces of epithelial cells, accompanied by the protrusion of apical cytoplasm out of the terminal web. During these changes, the bundles of microfilaments of microvilli never shortened, and both small vesicles in the apical cytoplasm and tiny invaginations of the apical membranes were found. The intraepithelial migrating cells gradually accumulated to form typical intraepithelial pockets. In all FAE, there was no morphological sign of cell death in M cells. The rearrangement of microfilament bundles, the reconstruction of microvilli and the disappearance of pockets resulted in the transformation of M cells into microvillous epithelial cells. These serial ultrastructural changes suggest that M cells are a temporal and transitional cell type caused by the active engulfment of luminal substances and that when the engulfment ceases, the M cells transform into mature microvillous epithelial cells.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 41%

Ultrastructural Study on the Differentiation and the Fate of M cells in Follicle-Associated Epithelium of Rat Peyer's Patch

Onishi

Yokoyama

Chin

et al. 2007

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…Recent research findings have shed further light on the Salmonella route of entry into the host. The follicle associated epithelium (FAE) of mice is composed of ≈ 5-10% of specialized epithelial M cells (50,51); the remainder of the cells are enterocytes (52). M cells are unique epithelial cells that form tight junctions with neighboring enterocytes, have an increased pinocytic activity, and are believed to have the function of priming intestinal immunity by engulfing antigenic samples from the gut and delivering them to the lymphoid cell population that resides within the follicle (53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60)(61).…”

Section: Interactions Of Invasive Salmonella With the Host Epithelialmentioning

confidence: 99%

SALMONELLOSIS: Host Immune Responses and Bacterial Virulence Determinants¹

Jones

Falkow

1996

Annu. Rev. Immunol.

368

273

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The lifestyle of bacterial pathogens requires them to establish infection in the face of host immunity. Upon entering a potential host, a variety of interactions are initiated, the outcome of which depends upon a myriad of attributes of each of the participants. In this review we discuss the interactions that occur between pathogenic Salmonella species and the host immune systems, but when appropriate to broaden perspective, we have provided a general overview of the interactions between bacterial pathogens and animal hosts. Pathogenic Salmonella species possess an array of invasion genes that produce proteins secreted by a specialized type III secretion apparatus. These proteins are used by the bacteria to penetrate the intestinal mucosa by invading and destroying specialized epithelial M cells of the Peyer's patches. This maneuver deposits the bacteria directly within the confines of the reticuloendothelial system. The host responds to these actions with nonspecific phagocytic cells and an inflammatory response as well as by activating specific cellular and humoral immune responses. Salmonella responds to this show of force directly. It appears that the bacteria invade and establish a niche within the very cells that have been sent to destroy them. Efforts are underway to characterize the factors that allow these intracellular bacteria to customize intracellular vacuoles for their own purposes. It is the constant play between these interactions that determines the outcome of the host infection, and clearly they will also shape the evolution of new survival strategies for both the bacterium and the host.

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“…Antigens and macromolecules are transported across the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) overlying the lymphoid follicles, which is composed of enterocytes, goblet cells, membranous (M) cells, pre-M-cells and lymphocytes (Bye et al 1984;Gebert and Hach 1993). Sampling, endocytosis and transport of luminal antigens is accomplished by M-cells, which are structurally and biochemically specialised to carry out these functions, M-cells can be distinguished from enterocytes by short, fewer, widely spaced microvilli and the presence of an intraepithelial pocket containing lymphocytes and macrophages (reviewed by Owen and Ermak 1990;Kraehenbuhl and Neutra 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Lectin binding reveals divergent carbohydrate expression in human and mouse Peyer's patches

Sharma

Damme

Peumans

et al. 1996

Histochem Cell Biol

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The nature of cell-associated carbohydrates in the human intestine that may mediate transepithelial transport of bacterial and dietary lectins and their processing by the lymphoid cells of Peyer's patches is not known. Because the cell surface carbohydrate receptors for lectins may vary in different species, the glycoconjugates of human and mouse follicle-associated epithelium and gut-associated lymphoid tissue were compared. A panel of 27, mainly recently isolated, lectins were used to identify glycoconjugate expression in M-cells, enterocytes, goblet cells, lymphocytes and macrophages in mouse and human intestine. Mouse M-cells were exclusively labelled by fucose-specific lectins but in human follicle-associated epithelium no distinct M-cell staining pattern was observed. In the human Peyer's patches, Bryonia dioica lectin bound selectively to paracortical T-lymphocytes and Chelidonium majus lectin to germinal centre B-cells. Certain mannose-specific lectins (Galanthus nivalis, Hippeastrum hybrid) stained the tingible body macrophages in the germinal centre of human Peyer's patches but labelled the macrophages in the paracortical T-cell region of the mouse. The results indicate distinct differences in glycosylation between mouse and human Peyer's patches and their associated lymphoid cells. When considering cell surface glycoconjugates as target molecules for the gut immune system, care has to be taken to choose the appropriate lectin for each species.

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Structural specializations for antigen uptake and processing in the digestive tract

Cited by 56 publications

References 52 publications

Ultrastructural Study on the Differentiation and the Fate of M cells in Follicle-Associated Epithelium of Rat Peyer's Patch

Ultrastructural Study on the Differentiation and the Fate of M cells in Follicle-Associated Epithelium of Rat Peyer's Patch

SALMONELLOSIS: Host Immune Responses and Bacterial Virulence Determinants¹

Lectin binding reveals divergent carbohydrate expression in human and mouse Peyer's patches

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Structural specializations for antigen uptake and processing in the digestive tract

Cited by 56 publications

References 52 publications

Ultrastructural Study on the Differentiation and the Fate of M cells in Follicle-Associated Epithelium of Rat Peyer's Patch

Ultrastructural Study on the Differentiation and the Fate of M cells in Follicle-Associated Epithelium of Rat Peyer's Patch

SALMONELLOSIS: Host Immune Responses and Bacterial Virulence Determinants1

Lectin binding reveals divergent carbohydrate expression in human and mouse Peyer's patches

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SALMONELLOSIS: Host Immune Responses and Bacterial Virulence Determinants¹