Structural stability of the research & development sector in European economies despite the economic crisis

Abstract

When an external shock such as the economic crisis in 2008/2009 occurs, the interconnectedness of sectors can be affected. This paper investigates whether the R&D sector experienced changes in its sectoral integration through the recession. Based on an input output analysis, it can be shown that the linkages of the R&D sector with other sectors remain stable. In some countries, the inter-sectoral integration become even stronger. Policy makers can be encouraged to use public R&D spending as a means of fiscal policy against an economic crisis.

Innovation Dynamics and Financial Stability: A European Union Perspective

“…This financial relationship is controlled through several macroeconomic variables describing the social structure of countries: the Gini Index (GINI) -as a measure of inequality, social expenditure, as well as the levels of education (EDU) and unemployment (UNEM) (Cozzens & Kaplinsky, 2009). In addition, the investment in research and development activities as a percentage of GDP (R&D) is included as the main indicator of innovation inputs (Günther et al, 2019). Finally, GDP growth is introduced to measure differences in economic dynamism across countries (Álvarez & Torrecillas, 2020).…”

Perspectiva multissetorial da estrutura produtiva de Rondônia

“…Os modelos multisetoriais de mensuração econômica, em especial a Matriz Insumo-Produto (MIP), ao longo das últimas décadas têm se mostrado de muita utilidade na compreensão das diversas estruturas produtivas, permitindo, por exemplo, a identificação dos setores-chaves de uma economia (Isard, 1951;Finamore, 2018), a realização de análise de comércio internacional (Chen, et al, 2018), análise de crises econômicas (Günther, Kristalova, & Ludwig, 2019), pressão sobre determinados recursos naturais (Wang, Fath, & Chen, 2019), ou impactos ambientais (Lenzen, 1998;Lenzen, Murray, Korte, & Dey, 2003;Wood, 2009). Com a matriz é possível identificar, além dos setores-chave no encadeamento da produção, o emprego e as exportações líquidas, permitindo efetuar simulações setoriais de impacto na produção e no emprego (Souza, 1997).…”

A Study of the Impact of Internet-Based Instruction Integrated Innovation Education on University Student Entrepreneurial Team Collaboration and Strategic Innovation

“…As a result, the space and time connections in the field of education can be permanently expanded and can serve the subjects of education. From the perspective of learning, the internet is connected with education; regarding teaching, resource sharing and innovation represented by Open University and hybrid learning are realized; in terms of organizational ecology, the development of self-organization, open education, and other new business forms is formed as representative of education (Günther et al, 2019). To improve the innovation and entrepreneurship ability of college students and provide new direction and carrier for the innovation and entrepreneurship education mode, it is necessary to integrate the internet thinking mode into the innovation and entrepreneurship courses of colleges and universities, and guide, educate, and train college students.…”