Structural study of a lead (<scp>II</scp>) organic complex – a key precursor in a green recovery route for spent lead‐acid battery paste

Zhang, Wei; Yang, Jiakuan; Zhu, Xiao; Sun, Xiaojuan; Yu, Wenhao; Hu, Yuping; Yuan, Xiqing; Dong, Jinxin; Hu, Jingping; Liang, Sha; Kumar, R. Vasant

doi:10.1002/jctb.4620

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This result is consistent with previous study that the product was Pb 3 (C 6 H 5 O 7 ) 2 •3H 2 O when the leaching pH was 5.2. 23 Figure 2b shows that the Fe 3+ ions were formed into solid phase of Fe 2 O 3 when the pH was 5.0-6.0. Therefore, the Fe 2 O 3 remained in the lead citrate precursor after filtration, and then incorporated into the final leady oxide products after calcination of lead citrate precursor.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Leady Oxide Samples-as Shown In Tablementioning

confidence: 98%

Role of Iron Impurity in Hydrometallurgical Recovery Process of Spent Lead-Acid Battery: Phase Transformation of Positive Material Made from Recovered Leady Oxide

Yang

Liang

et al. 2019

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Leady oxide samples with various Fe contents were recovered from simulated spent lead paste with the addition of various dosages of iron oxides as simulated Fe impurities via hydrometallurgical process with sodium citrate-acetic acid solution. More than 75 wt% of the Fe element in simulated spent lead paste remained in the recovered leady oxide. The recovered leady oxide samples were used to prepare positive plates in order to illuminate the effect of Fe impurities on the phase composition of positive material. When the Fe content in recovered leady oxide was > 223 mg kg -1 , the generation of 4PbO•PbSO 4 (4BS) during curing procedure was inhibited. The specific surface area, α-PbO 2 content, and hydrated PbO 2 content of positive active mass (PAM) after formation procedure decreased with the increase of Fe content. As a result, larger PbSO 4 crystals formed in Fe-containing PAMs after cell discharge, which hindered the transfer of H 2 SO 4 electrolyte and destroyed the interconnected PbO 2 skeleton. The negative effect of Fe impurities on cell cycle performance was observed when the PAM was manufactured from the leady oxide containing only 49 mg kg -1 Fe element, with the cell capacity decreased from 2.2 to 1.0 Ah after only 230 charge-discharge cycles.

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Section: Analysis Of the Leady Oxide Samples-as Shown In Tablementioning

confidence: 98%

Role of Iron Impurity in Hydrometallurgical Recovery Process of Spent Lead-Acid Battery: Phase Transformation of Positive Material Made from Recovered Leady Oxide

Yang

Liang

et al. 2019

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…In developed countries, lead resources mainly come from secondary lead in the recovery process. More than 80% of lead production in the United States is produced from secondary lead, and 90% of lead production in Europe is produced from secondary lead [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead Recovery from a Lead Concentrate throughout Direct Smelting Reduction Process with Mixtures of Na2CO3 and SiC to 1000 °C

Pérez

Hernández

Alvarado

et al. 2021

Metals

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Lead was recovered through a direct smelting reduction route from a lead concentrate by using mixtures of Na2CO3 and SiC to 1000 °C. The lead concentrate was obtained from the mining State of Zacatecas, México by traditional mineral processing and froth flotation. The experimental trials showed that 86 wt.% of lead with a purity up to 97% can be recovered from the lead concentrate by a single step reduction process when 40 wt.% Na2CO3 and 0.4 g SiC were used in the initial charge. The process was modeled in the thermodynamic software FactSage 7.3 to evaluate the effect of adding different amounts of Na2CO3 on the lead recovery rates while holding constant the SiC amount and temperature. The stability phase diagram obtained showed that an addition of 34 wt.% Na2CO3 was enough to reach the highest lead recovery. It was observed that the interaction of Na2CO3 and SiC at a high temperature promotes the formation of C and Na2O, and SiO2, respectively, where the Na2O partially bonds with silica and sulfur forming Na2S and sodium silicates which may decrease the SO2 emissions and increase the weather degradation of the slag. The PbS was mainly reduced by the produced C and CO formed by the interaction between Na2CO3 and SiC at 1000 °C. The predicted results reasonably match with those obtained experimentally in the lead recovery rates and compounds formation.

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“…Undoubtedly, the wide use of lead acid battery can cause a large amount of waste lead acid batteries. Thus, the recovery of waste lead acid batteries containing toxic lead compounds such as PbSO 4 was regarded as the requirement from the perspective of both economical and ecological [4,5]. Commercially, pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy, this two traditional technologies method are considered to be the most frequently-used process transforming waste lead acid battery into metallic lead [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vacuum decomposition thermodynamics and experiments of recycled lead carbonate from waste lead acid battery

et al. 2021

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Lead acid batteries have been widely used in different fields, so abundant waste lead acid battery was generated. Waste lead acid battery is regarded as a toxic material due to the metallic lead and the lead paste compounds. Once lead and its compounds enter the human body and the environment, which will cause serious threats. At present, the waste lead acid batteries are mainly recovered in the form of metal lead, which has many problems. Thus, this paper put forward a novel technology to recycle waste lead acid battery. Vacuum thermal decomposition was employed to treat recycled lead carbonate from waste lead acid battery. Thermodynamics analysis and experiments were finished from the reaction free energy of lead carbonate decomposition and vacuum furnace. The results showed that the recycled lead carbonate began to be decomposed when the temperature reached 250°C. Above 340°C, most of intermediate PbCO 3 •2PbO were converted to red α-PbO and then transformed to yellow β-PbO when the temperature was raised further to 460°C. Furthermore, the study provided the fundamental data for the preparation of α-PbO and β-PbO in vacuum, which also demonstrated a new way for the reuse of spent lead acid battery resource and an outlook of sustainable production.

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Structural study of a lead (II) organic complex – a key precursor in a green recovery route for spent lead‐acid battery paste

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

Role of Iron Impurity in Hydrometallurgical Recovery Process of Spent Lead-Acid Battery: Phase Transformation of Positive Material Made from Recovered Leady Oxide

Role of Iron Impurity in Hydrometallurgical Recovery Process of Spent Lead-Acid Battery: Phase Transformation of Positive Material Made from Recovered Leady Oxide

Lead Recovery from a Lead Concentrate throughout Direct Smelting Reduction Process with Mixtures of Na2CO3 and SiC to 1000 °C

Vacuum decomposition thermodynamics and experiments of recycled lead carbonate from waste lead acid battery

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