Structural, thermal and spectroscopic properties of highly Er3+-doped novel oxyfluoride glasses for photonic application

Investigations on structural and luminescence behavior of Er3+ doped Lithium Zinc borate glasses for lasers and optical amplifier applications

“…With the help of F-L formula [39], stimulated emission cross-section for the 4 S 3/2 → 4 I 15/2 transition was determined and the values were found to be 45, 56, 63, 68, 53 and 36 × 10 −22 cm 2 corresponding to the LZB0.01E, LZB0.05E, LZB0.1E, LZB0.5E, LZB1.0E and LZB2.0E glasses respectively. These values are comparatively higher than the reported glasses [25,[40][41][42][43] and are presented in Table 8. Since higher stimulated emission crosssection has low threshold and high gain, these glasses were proven to be better glasses for lasing action and among the prepared glasses, 0.5 mol% Er 3+ doped glass is a better choice for green lasing action with higher stimulated emission cross-section value.…”

Thermal Switching of Lasing Regimes in Heavily Doped Er3+ Fiber Lasers

“…It is essential here that the frequencies of |2⟩ → |1⟩ and |3⟩ →|2⟩ transitions are quite proximate, but different. With the use of the data for the |2⟩ → |1⟩ and |3⟩ → |1⟩ wavelengths, λ 21 = 1550 nm and λ 31 = 810 nm, 68 we evaluate the frequency mismatch as w = 2πc(2/λ 21 − 1/λ 31 ) ≈ 10 14 s −1 . In spite of this mismatch, the up-conversion process is possible because of the finite relaxation time.…”

“…It is essential here that the frequencies of 2 → 1 and 3 → 2 transitions are quite proximate, but different. With the use of the data for the 2 → 1 and 3 → 1 wavelengths, λ21=1550 nm and λ31=810 nm, 58 we evaluate the frequency mismatch as , and therefore cannot support a process with such high frequency mismatch. However, the linewidth is known 59 to be determined by another time, which is called a coherence time, or the transverse relaxation time, 2 T .…”

“…It is essential here that the frequencies of 2 → 1 and 3 → 2 transitions are quite proximate, but different. With the use of the data for the 2 → 1 and 3 → 1 wavelengths, λ21=1550 nm and λ31=810 nm, 58 we evaluate the frequency mismatch as…”

Effect of substitution of SiO2 by CaO/CaF2 on structure and synthesis of transparent glass-ceramics containing CaF2 nanocrystals

“…Figure 3 illustrates the IR spectra of the studied precursor glasses and the GC heat-treated at 700°C for 3 h, which carries much information about structural evolutions with varying composition. Band at 1636 cm -1 is due to the deformation mode of H-O-H bond arising from absorbed molecular water in the sample or due to the bending of the surface O-H group [15,19]. The band at about 1400 cm -1 is assigned to carbonate groups which results from the interaction between CO 2 and silicate melts at high temperature [20,21].…”