Structure and function in the cerebral ganglion

Chase, Ronald

doi:10.1002/1097-0029(20000615)49:6<511::aid-jemt2>3.0.co;2-l

Cited by 47 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…In terrestrial gastropods, the importance of the procerebrum for olfactory information processing was shown (Delaney et al 1994;Gelperin 1999;Gelperin and Tank, 1990), and the neuroanatomy and function of the cerebrum with respect to olfactory information processing was reviewed by Chase (2000). However, only little is known about the olfactory pathway from the sensory cells to higher centres.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Functional neuroanatomy of the rhinophore of Archidoris pseudoargus

et al. 2007

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For sea slugs, chemosensory information represents an important sensory modality, because optical and acoustical information are limited. In the present study, we focussed on the neuroanatomy of the rhinophores and processing of olfactory stimuli in the rhinophore ganglion of Archidoris pseudoargus, belonging to the order of Nudibranchia in the subclass of Opisthobranchia. Histological techniques, Xuorescent markers, and immunohistochemistry were used to analyse neuroanatomical features of the rhinophore. A large ganglion and a prominent central lymphatic channel are surrounded by longitudinal muscles. Many serotonin-immunoreactive (IR) processes were found around the centre and between the ganglion and the highly folded lobes of the rhinophore, but serotonin-IR cell bodies were absent inside the rhinophore. In contrast to the conditions recently found in Aplysia punctata, we found no evidence for the presence of olfactory glomeruli within the rhinophore. Using calcium-imaging techniques with Fura II as a calcium indicator, we found diVerential calcium responses in various regions within the ganglion to stimulation of the rhinophore with diVerent amino acids. The lack of glomeruli in the rhinophores induces functional questions about processing of chemical information in the rhinophore.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Functional neuroanatomy of the rhinophore of Archidoris pseudoargus

et al. 2007

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“…4 A). Although we still do not know the precise quantitative relationship between the size of the neuron and its DNA content, such apparent inconsistency can be explained by the fact that approximately one-half of the neurons of the brain are composed of PC neurons that contain a diploid genome within their nuclei (Chase and Tolloczko, 1987;Gelperin and Tank, 1990;Chase, 2000). This preponderance of diploid PC neurons would have reduced the average DNA content in the brain as a whole.…”

Section: Dna Synthesis During Body Growthmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…2). Because the PC contains a large number of olfactory interneurons (Gelperin and Tank, 1990;Chase, 2000), our observation argues for the hypothesis by Gillette (1991) that the size of the body must be more faithfully reflected in the sizes of effector neurons than in the interneurons. In fact, we observed that the size of the neurons regulating the heart beat (LdWFamide-containing VGCs and achatin-I-containing neurons) was greater in the growthpromoted slugs than in the growth-suppressed slugs (Figs.…”

Section: Increase In the Size Of Ganglia And Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Endoreplication in the Brain Neurons during Body Growth of an Adult Slug

Yamagishi¹,

Ito²,

Matsuo³

2011

J. Neurosci.

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Endoreplication is DNA synthesis without cell division. Giant neurons observed in the brains of mollusks are thought to be generated as a result of DNA endoreplication. It has been hypothesized that neuronal size becomes larger in parallel with an increase in body size and that DNA endoreplication is involved in this process to meet the increasing demand for macromolecules in neurons. There is, however, no experimental evidence for this hypothesis to date. In the present study, we investigated the following quantitatively: (1) the size of the brain and each ganglion, (2) the size of identified neurons, (3) the total number of neurons undergoing DNA endoreplication, (4) the total number of the neurons containing a cardioexcitatory peptide, and (5) the gene expression level per neuron, using terrestrial slugs whose body growth was regulated through the amount of food supplied in the laboratory. The body growth was accompanied by increases in the sizes of both neurons and ganglia and triggered more frequent DNA endoreplication events in each ganglion of the growth-promoted slugs, without increasing the total number of neurons. Increase in the neuronal size also involved the increase in the amount of transcripts expressed in a single neuron. This is the first quantitative evidence showing that the DNA endoreplication, neuronal size, and gene expression are increased concomitantly with body growth in adult mollusks.

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“…The local field potential (LFP) recorded on the PC exhibits spontaneous oscillation (~0.7Hz) induced by the synchronous activities of the inhibitory networks within the PC (Gelperin and Tank, 1990;Watanabe et al, 2008). It is thought that the oscillatory frequency of the LFP encodes the meaning/value of the odor that the tentacle detects (Kimura et al, 1998a;Chase, 2000;Inoue et al, 2006), and its change is thought to correspond to the decision-making that occurs just before the approach or avoidance of the odor sources (Samarova and Balaban, 2009). Both the superior and inferior tentacles innervate primarily to the terminal mass (TM) layer of the PC (Gelperin et al, 1993;Kawahara et al, 1997;Kimura et al, 1998b), where the olfactory information is transmitted to nonbursting neurons in the PC (Watanabe et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of tentacle amputation and regeneration on the morphology and activity of the olfactory center of the terrestrial slug Limax valentianus

Matsuo

Kobayashi

Tanaka

et al. 2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYThe tentacles of pulmonates regenerate spontaneously following amputation. The regenerated tentacle is equipped with all the elements necessary for normal olfactory functioning, and the slugs can behave as well as they did before the tentacle amputation. However, it is not known what changes occur to the olfactory center procerebrum in the brain at the morphological and physiological levels. Here, we investigated the innervation of tentacular nerves into the procerebrum by examining the size of the terminal mass (input layer from tentacular nerves) of the procerebrum and also by staining afferent nerves immunohistochemically at 15, 58 and 75 days following unilateral amputation of the superior and inferior tentacles. The size of the terminal mass was significantly decreased, and the Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH 2 ergic (FMRFamidergic) afferent nerves disappeared by 15 days following the tentacle amputation. However, the size of the terminal mass had recovered substantially by 58 days, as the tentacle regenerated. The FMRFamidergic innervation into the cerebral ganglion was also restored by this time. An extended recovery (75 days), however, did not result in any further increase in the size of the terminal mass. We also recorded the local field potential (LFP) oscillation in the procerebrum. We found that the oscillatory frequency of the LFP had decreased at 15 days following the tentacle amputation but had recovered at 58 and 75 days. These results suggest that the amputation and regrowth of the tentacle are accompanied by the respective degeneration and re-innervation of olfactory nerves, and these changes in the innervation status affect the basal state of LFP oscillation.

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Structure and function in the cerebral ganglion

Cited by 47 publications

References 44 publications

Functional neuroanatomy of the rhinophore of Archidoris pseudoargus

Functional neuroanatomy of the rhinophore of Archidoris pseudoargus

DNA Endoreplication in the Brain Neurons during Body Growth of an Adult Slug

Effects of tentacle amputation and regeneration on the morphology and activity of the olfactory center of the terrestrial slug Limax valentianus

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