“…The anthocyanin extraction methods are broadly classified into two groups: first, conventional methods such as maceration, soaking, and heat-assisted extraction, which are easy to use and do not require much instrumentation but have limitations such as the possibility of solvents in the extract, toxicity of solvents, low yield, and thermal deterioration of anthocyanins; second, advanced technologies such as microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), high-pressure liquid extraction (HPLE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), pulsed electric field extraction (PEFE), enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), and high-voltage electrical discharge (HVED) (Figure 4), which are sophisticated but have advantages such as high stability of anthocyanins, lower or zero use of solvents, higher yield, and lower energy cost (38,39,41,42,64,(98)(99)(100)(101).…”