Structure and Function of the Root Cap

Iijima, Morio; Morita, Shigenori; Barlow, Peter W.

doi:10.1626/pps.11.17

Cited by 54 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Lateral root cap cells in the Arabidopsis root are produced by the periclinal division of the epidermis-lateral root cap stem cells independent of columella root cap stem cells, which give rise to columella root cap cells through an anticlinal division (Dolan et al, 1993). In maize and rice, histological analysis of sections of the radicle and primary root tips suggests that the columella and lateral root cap may originate from the same type of stem cells independent of those of the epidermis (Williams, 1947;Iijima et al, 2008;Rebouillat et al, 2009). However, this hypothesis remains to be proven by cell lineage tracing (Scheres et al, 1994;Kidner et al, 2000;Kurup et al, 2005).…”

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Origin and Development of the Root Cap in Rice

Wang

Chu

et al. 2014

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

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(J.X.).The tip of the root is covered by a thimble-shaped root cap that is the site of perception and transduction for many environmental stimuli. Until now, little was known about how the root cap of rice (Oryza sativa) develops and functions to regulate the adaptive behavior of the root. To address this, we examined the formation of the rice root cap during embryogenesis and characterized the anatomy and structure of the rice radicle root cap. We further investigated the role of the quiescent center in the de novo origin of the root cap. At the molecular level, we found that shoot-derived auxin was absolutely needed to trigger root cap regeneration when the quiescent center was removed. Our time-course analysis of transcriptomic dynamics during the early phases of root cap regeneration indicated that changes in auxin signaling and appropriate levels of cytokinin are critical for root cap regeneration after the removal of the root cap. Moreover, we identified 152 genes that produce root cap-specific transcripts in the rice root tip. These findings together offer, to our knowledge, new mechanistic insights into the cellular and molecular events inherent in the formation and development of the root cap in rice and provide a basis for future research on the developmental and physiological function of the root cap of monocot crops.

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Origin and Development of the Root Cap in Rice

Wang

Chu

et al. 2014

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

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“…To efficiently perform these functions, roots are endowed with a variety of sensory mechanisms for detecting gravity, water, nutrients, and the mechanical resistance of the soil (Arnaud et al, 2010). A large body of physiological experiments in conjunction with surgical dissection have pointed out that the root tip is the site for the perception and integration of many of these signals (Iijima et al, 2008;Arnaud et al, 2010). The root tip harbors the root apical meristem, the quiescent center, and the initial cells that give origin to all cell types of the root.…”

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Tomato Root Penetration in Soil Requires a Coaction between Ethylene and Auxin Signaling

et al. 2011

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During seed germination, emerging roots display positive gravitropism and penetrate into the soil for nutrition and anchorage. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seeds germinated in the presence of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an inhibitor of ethylene action, failed to insert roots into Soilrite and grew in the air, forming loops. Time-lapse video imaging showed that 1-MCPgrown root tips retained positive gravitropism and made contact with the surface of Soilrite but failed to penetrate into the Soilrite. Time-course studies revealed that the effect of 1-MCP was most prominent when seed imbibition and germination were carried out in the continual presence of 1-MCP. Conversely, 1-MCP was ineffective when applied postgermination after penetration of roots in the Soilrite. Furthermore, treatment with 1-MCP caused a reduction in DR5::b-glucuronidase auxinreporter activity and modified the expression of SlIAA3 and SlIAA9 transcripts, indicating interference with auxin signaling. The reduced ethylene perception mutant, Never-ripe, displayed decreased ability for root penetration, and the enhanced polar auxin transport mutant, polycotyledon, showed a nearly normal root penetration in the presence of 1-MCP, which could be reversed by application of auxin transport inhibitors. Our results indicate that during tomato seed germination, a coaction between ethylene and auxin is required for root penetration into the soil.

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“…Our results showed that the release of deuterated water, mucilage and RBCs were increased by soil compaction stress and the highest amount of these rhizodeposits was observed under compact wet soil condition (Tables 1 and 3). The release of these rhizodeposits will help the root to reduce soil frictional resistance during root penetration into soil (Iijima and Kono, 1992;Iijima et al, 2000Iijima et al, , 2003aIijima et al, , 2004aIijima et al, , 2008 and facilitate to prevent the root tips from desiccation (Watt et al, 1994). Furthermore, the released mucilageborder cells complex may act as an energy source for soil microorganisms in the rhizosphere (Knee et al, 2001;Somasundaram et al, 2008a) and increase the uptake of plant nutrients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soil compaction increased the release of mucilageborder cells complex and effectively reduced the soil frictional resistance roots will experience during penetration into field soil (Iijima et al, 2008). Soil drying increased the carbon exudation but reduced other components released into the rhizosphere.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mucilage and RBCs form a functional entity, mucilage-border cell complex, in the rhizosphere. The rhizosphere released mucilage−border cell complex play various beneficial roles for plant growth, such as, reducing resistance root experience in soil (Iijima et al, 2008), facilitating protozoan effects towards increased lateral root growth in rice plants (Somasundaram et al, 2008a). The effects of soil compaction on the release of mucilage and RBCs were reported (Iijima et al, 2000(Iijima et al, , 2003a(Iijima et al, , 2004a.…”

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