Structure and Function of the Chloride Cell of<i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i>and Other Teleosts

Karnaky, Karl John

doi:10.1093/icb/26.1.209

Cited by 177 publications

(89 citation statements)

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“…They have been reviewed extensively elsewhere (e.g. Karnaky, 1986;Jürss, 1987;Perry, 1997;Evans and Claiborne, 2009). Many elaborate functional and structural changes take place in gill, kidney and intestine (see Table 1) when euryhaline teleosts switch from plasma hyper-osmoregulation (environmental salinity <9 g kg −1…”

Section: Maintenance Of Osmotic Homeostasis In Fishesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological mechanisms used by fish to cope with salinity stress

Kültz

2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

325

161

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Salinity represents a critical environmental factor for all aquatic organisms, including fishes. Environments of stable salinity are inhabited by stenohaline fishes having narrow salinity tolerance ranges. Environments of variable salinity are inhabited by euryhaline fishes having wide salinity tolerance ranges. Euryhaline fishes harbor mechanisms that control dynamic changes in osmoregulatory strategy from active salt absorption to salt secretion and from water excretion to water retention. These mechanisms of dynamic control of osmoregulatory strategy include the ability to perceive changes in environmental salinity that perturb body water and salt homeostasis (osmosensing), signaling networks that encode information about the direction and magnitude of salinity change, and epithelial transport and permeability effectors. These mechanisms of euryhalinity likely arose by mosaic evolution involving ancestral and derived protein functions. Most proteins necessary for euryhalinity are also critical for other biological functions and are preserved even in stenohaline fish. Only a few proteins have evolved functions specific to euryhaline fish and they may vary in different fish taxa because of multiple independent phylogenetic origins of euryhalinity in fish. Moreover, proteins involved in combinatorial osmosensing are likely interchangeable. Most euryhaline fishes have an upper salinity tolerance limit of approximately 2× seawater (60 g kg −1). However, some species tolerate up to 130 g kg −1 salinity and they may be able to do so by switching their adaptive strategy when the salinity exceeds 60 g kg −1. The superior salinity stress tolerance of euryhaline fishes represents an evolutionary advantage favoring their expansion and adaptive radiation in a climate of rapidly changing and pulsatory fluctuating salinity. Because such a climate scenario has been predicted, it is intriguing to mechanistically understand euryhalinity and how this complex physiological phenotype evolves under high selection pressure.

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Section: Maintenance Of Osmotic Homeostasis In Fishesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological mechanisms used by fish to cope with salinity stress

Kültz

2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

325

161

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“…Chloride cells (CC) in gills of euryhaline teleosts are highly differentiated ion-transporting cells that are characterized by an enormous energy turnover, as indicated by the great abundance of mitochondria and ATPases (Karnaky, 1986). In response to changes in environmental salinity, important morphometric properties of CC and abundance of many membrane transport proteins are regulated to accommodate the altered requirements for transcellular ion transport across the gill epithelium and to maintain plasma ion homeostasis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser scanning cytometry and tissue microarray analysis of salinity effects on killifish chloride cells

Lima

Kültz

2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

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6.7±2.7×10 6 RFU after 5 weeks). CC size in situ did not correlate well to salinity because of basolateral membrane infoldings. Taken together, these data suggest that euryhaline fishes are capable of sensing environmental salinity to utilize transient short-term and permanent long-term adaptations for coping with salinity changes. These results also demonstrate the power of LSC and TMA for comparative biology.

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“…The surface structure of the gill lamella seems to be characterized by the presence of apical pores or crypts, depending on the salinity conditions of the surrounding water [4,11]. To examine the physiological changes associated with osmoregulation, the salinity of the seawater (34 ppt) used for rearing clownfish was shifted to 15 ppt, which is similar to that of brackish water, but has no effect on the consumption of feed or the survival of clownfish [23].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the growth of marine fish at lower salinities seems to be advantageous as many marine fish exhibit better growth and feeding efficiency under conditions of intermediate salinity similar to those of brackish water, i.e., [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] ppt [9,10,14]. This might be due to reduced osmotic stress and disease associated with parasites that prefer higher salinity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Gene Encoding Isotocin and its Expression in Cinnamon Clownfish, Amphiprion melanopus

Noh¹,

Choi²,

Min³

et al. 2016

Journal of Life Science

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Isotocin (IT), a nonapeptide homolog of oxytocin in mammals, has been suggested to be involved in physiological processes including social behaviors, stress responses, and osmoregulation in teleost fish. To study its structure and function, the gene encoding the IT precursor was cloned from the genomic DNA and brain cDNA of the cinnamon clownfish, Amphiprion melanopus. The IT precursor gene consists of three exons separated by two introns, and encodes an open reading frame of 156 amino acid (aa) residues, comprising a putative signal peptide of 19 aa, a mature IT protein of 9 aa, a proteolytic processing site of 3 aa, and 125 aa of neurophysin. Tissue-specific analysis of the IT precursor transcript indicated its expression in the brain and gonads of A. melanopus. To examine its osmoregulatory effects, the salinity of the seawater (34 ppt) used for rearing A. melanopus was lowered to 15 ppt. Histological analysis of the gills indicated the apparent disappearance of an apical crypt on the surface of the gill lamella of A. melanopus, as pavement cells covered the surface upon acclimation to the lower salinity. The level of NaATPase activity in the gills was increased during the initial stage of acclimation, followed by a decrease to its normal level, suggesting its involvement in osmoregulation and homeostasis. The only slight increase in the level of IT precursor transcript in the A. melanopus brain upon low-salinity acclimation suggested that IT played a minor role, if any, in the process of osmoregulation.

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Structure and Function of the Chloride Cell ofFundulus heteroclitusand Other Teleosts

Cited by 177 publications

References 0 publications

Physiological mechanisms used by fish to cope with salinity stress

Physiological mechanisms used by fish to cope with salinity stress

Laser scanning cytometry and tissue microarray analysis of salinity effects on killifish chloride cells

Investigation of the Gene Encoding Isotocin and its Expression in Cinnamon Clownfish, Amphiprion melanopus

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