Structure and Function of the Nail Unit

Fleckman, Philip; McCaffrey, Lauren

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-65649-6_5

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…Figure 4 presents the measured intensities ( I ) across nail samples from three different donors plotted as a function of normalised distance into the nail (to facilitate comparison between nails of different absolute thickness). The fluorescence response was an order of magnitude stronger near the nail edges (and greater at the ventral surface), an observation probably related to the chemical composition and physical structuring of the cells in these regions [13, 36]. It can readily be deduced that, for a nail exposed to a thermal treatment, the local fluorescence intensity depends on both temperature and depth as shown in the curves in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of human nail poration by high-repetition-rate, femtosecond laser ablation

Vanstone

Stone

Gordeev

et al. 2019

Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res.

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Optical poration, or drilling, of the human nail has the potential to drastically improve transungual drug delivery. However, this approach is accompanied by thermal damage to the nail tissue surrounding the laser radiation-created pore. In this paper, fluorescence microscopy has been employed to quantitatively evaluate thermal damage to the nail induced by laser ablation with 80 MHz, nanojoule, femtosecond pulses delivered via a hollow-core fibre. An empirical relation has been established between the intensity of the resulting fluorescence signal and temperature to which the nail was exposed. Using this relationship, detailed temperature maps have been created of the areas surrounding the pores, enabling the mechanism of poration to be better understood. It was deduced that plasma-mediated ablation is primarily responsible for nail tissue ablation at the centre of the pore, while cumulative photothermal processes dominate at the pore edges. It is concluded, furthermore, that temperature mapping represents a useful new tool with which to optimise the process of nail poration. The method is potentially generic and may be applicable to other biological materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of human nail poration by high-repetition-rate, femtosecond laser ablation

Vanstone

Stone

Gordeev

et al. 2019

Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res.

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“…The visible white area of nail matrix is called lunula. The nail plate pigmentation varies with race and is defined by melanocytes present in the nail matrix . Langerhan's cells are also present in the nail matrix .…”

Section: Structure Of Human Nail Unitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A normal fingernail grows out completely in about 6 months, whereas toenails grow one‐third to half the rate of fingernails; thus, toenails take 12‐18 months to grow out entirely . The nail growth rate is less than normal in people who are immuno‐compromised, immobilised or paralysed, malnourished, suffering from acute infection or undergoing anti‐mitotic drug therapy …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the formidable nail barrier: A review of the nail microstructure, composition and diseases

Baswan

Kasting

et al. 2017

Mycoses

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The topical treatment of nail fungal infections has been a focal point of nail research in the past few decades as it offers a much safer and focused alternative to conventional oral therapy. Although the current focus remains on exploring the ways of enhancing permeation through the formidable nail barrier, the understanding of the nail microstructure and composition is far from complete. This article reviews our current understanding of the nail microstructure, composition and diseases. A few of the parameters affecting the nail permeability and potential causes of the recurrence of fungal nail infection are also discussed.

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“…5 The nail plate is the hard, slightly convex, translucent, rectangular structure that covers the distal part of the dorsal aspects of the digits and can further extend past their free edge. 5,6 The cells that constitute the nail plate are anucleate, adherent, and flattened, situated in planes parallel to the plane of the nail plate. [6][7][8] Three cutaneous folds border the proximal and lateral edges of the nail plate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Study Regarding the Intrauterine Development of Nails

et al. 2021

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The nail apparatus serves as a protective layer over the dorsal aspect of each distal phalanx of both hands and feet. Besides protection, other functions include serving as part of defense or attack mechanisms, scratching, and dexterity. Nail development has been a subject of interest since the 19th century, from both the phylogenetic and ontogenetic points of view. Despite the early spark of interest, nail embryology has yet been analyzed by a relatively small number of scientists. In the

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Structure and Function of the Nail Unit

Cited by 14 publications

References 141 publications

Mechanism of human nail poration by high-repetition-rate, femtosecond laser ablation

Mechanism of human nail poration by high-repetition-rate, femtosecond laser ablation

Understanding the formidable nail barrier: A review of the nail microstructure, composition and diseases

A Comprehensive Study Regarding the Intrauterine Development of Nails

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