Structure and mechanical properties of cellulose derivatives/soy protein isolate blends

Abstract

Biodegradable and biocompatible composites based on soy protein isolate (SPI) and various cellulose derivatives have been prepared, and the dependence of structures and mechanical properties on the content and species of cellulose derivatives for the composites were investigated by X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscope, and tensile test. The selected cellulose derivatives, such as methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), and hydroxypropyl cellulose, were miscible with SPI when the content of cellulose derivatives was low, and then the isolated crystalline domains, shown as the structures of network and great aggregate, formed with an increase of cellulose derivative content. The miscible blends could produce the higher strength, and even result in the simultaneous enhancement of strength and elongation for the HEC/SPI and MC/SPI blends. Meanwhile, the moderate content of great MC domains also reinforced the materials. However, the damage of original ordered structure in SPI gave the decreased modulus. Since all the components, i.e., cellulose derivatives and soy protein, are biocompatible, the resultant composites are not only used as environment-friendly material, but the biomedical application can be expected, especially for the tissue engineering scaffold.

Preparation and Characterization of All-Biomass Soy Protein Isolate-Based Films Enhanced by Epoxy Castor Oil Acid Sodium and Hydroxypropyl Cellulose

“…The peaks at 1634 cm −1 , 1538 cm −1 and 1234 cm −1 correspond to amide I (C=O stretching), amide II (N-H bending) and amide III (C-N and N-H stretching) of SPI, which was consistent with the previous report [37]. Comparing films A and F, all peaks intension of the films B, C and D was not significantly changed because no formed covalent bond existed between HPC and SPI [20]. It appeared that the peak intensities at 1234 cm −1 were corresponding to the decreased free amino groups in films E and F, which was probably a result of the reaction between epoxy groups of ECOS and amino groups in the SPI, corresponding to the Lei’s results [38].…”

“…The XRD Peaks at 9.6° and 20.5° for film A corresponded to 7 s and 11 s globulins of the soy protein [40]. When the highly crystalline HPC was introduced into the SPI matrix, the relative crystallinity of films B, C and D increased, corresponding to the Zhou’s study [20]. Compared with film B, the relative crystallinity of film C decreased as a result of the increasing of molecular inter-atomic forces with the increase in hydrogen bonding formed between HPC and SPI [41].…”

Effect of coagulation agents on morphology and structure of cellulose/silk fibroin films with 1-butyl-3-ethylimidazolium chloride as solvent

“…27 The X-ray diffraction curves of films are shown in Fig 3B. The diffraction peaks of regenerated blend films show at 2h511?8, 20?7 and 22?7u, all apexes prove the presence of cellulosic chains in the structure of cellulose II, according to the reference. 28 Films regenerated in ethanol and acetonitrile show distinctive characteristic peaks at 2h<14, 17 and 21u indicating bsheet structure. 29 This suggests that both acetonitrile and ethanol coagulants transformed the blend components into b-conformations.…”

Ecomaterials Based on Food Proteins and Polysaccharides

“…195 The miscible SPI/hydroxyethylcellulose and SPI/methylcellulose blends could produce higher T g , lower crystallinity, and a simultaneous enhancement of strength and extensibility. Carboxymethylcellulose could markedly improve the properties of SPIbased films.…”

“…For example, usage of ionic liquid 58,59 for compatibilizing the biopolymers and fabrications of nanofibrous films and nanogels may be representatives of the development trend of this area. Except for conventional applications such as edible packages and biodegradable materials, the protein/polysaccharide ecomaterials may find their potential applications in biomaterials 57,107,121,123,182,193 such as scaffolds for tissue engineering 194 and microspheres for controlled drug release 195 with an excellent combination of safety and biodegradability. In addition to film and coating by the wet method and ecomaterials by the dry method, traditional spinning 91 and more recently electrospinning [54][55][56][57] show the advance in fibrous articles with potential applications.…”