“…Previous investigation also reported such a change in morphology of BFO nanoparticles by varying the concentration of KOH for a fixed hydrothermal reaction temperature of 200 °C. 43 We think, from energy consumption point of view it is much more desirable to control the surface morphology at a lower hydrothermal reaction temperature of 160 °C under a fixed concentration of KOH. Moreover, Bi is highly volatile and such a low processing temperature prevents reactants from getting volatilized during the formation of BFO powders and minimize the amount of impurities as was mentioned earlier.…”
Multiferroic BiFeO3 nanoparticles were synthesized using low temperature hydrothermal technique to assess their visible-light driven photocatalytic activity along with their applicability for the production of hydrogen via water splitting.
“…Previous investigation also reported such a change in morphology of BFO nanoparticles by varying the concentration of KOH for a fixed hydrothermal reaction temperature of 200 °C. 43 We think, from energy consumption point of view it is much more desirable to control the surface morphology at a lower hydrothermal reaction temperature of 160 °C under a fixed concentration of KOH. Moreover, Bi is highly volatile and such a low processing temperature prevents reactants from getting volatilized during the formation of BFO powders and minimize the amount of impurities as was mentioned earlier.…”
Multiferroic BiFeO3 nanoparticles were synthesized using low temperature hydrothermal technique to assess their visible-light driven photocatalytic activity along with their applicability for the production of hydrogen via water splitting.
“…XPS was used to investigate the oxidation states of the Bi and Fe elements in BiFeO 3 . Figure c is the high‐resolution XPS spectrum of Fe 2p, showing the binding energy of 711.02 eV for Fe 2p 3/2 and 725.27 eV for Fe 2p 1/2 with a spin orbit splitting of 14.25 eV, data characteristic for Fe 3+ . The high‐resolution XPS spectrum of Bi 4f (Figure d) shows two peaks around 159.22 and 164.47 eV, corresponding to Bi 4f 7/2 and Bi 4f 5/2 of the Bi 3+ state, respectively .…”
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