Structure and properties of composites of polyethylene or maleated polyethylene and cellulose or cellulose esters

Abstract

Composites of linear low-density poly(ethylene-co-butene) (PE) or maleated linear low-density poly (ethylene-co-butene) (M-PE) and cellulose (CEL), cellulose acetate (CA), cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), or cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) were prepared in an internal laboratory mixer with 20 wt % polysaccharide. The structure and properties of the composites were studied with tensile testing, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, extraction with a selective solvent, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Composites prepared with M-PE presented yield stress and elongation values higher than those of composites prepared with PE, showing the compatibilizer effect of maleic anhydride. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis performed for M-PE-CEL, M-PE-CA, M-PE-CAP, and M-PE-CAB composites showed one glass-transition temperature (T g ) close to that observed for pure M-PE, and for M-PE-CAP, another T g lower than that measured for the polysaccharide was observed, indicating partial mutual solubility. These findings were confirmed by the extraction of one phase with a selective solvent, gravimetry, and Raman spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction showed that the addition of CEL, CA, CAP, or CAB had no influence on the lattice constants of PE or M-PE, but the introduction of the reinforcing material increased the amorphous region.

The Effect of Concentration and Type of Plasticizer on the Mechanical Properties of Cellulose Acetate Butyrate Organic-Inorganic Hybrids

“…Natural polymer shows however some limitations, for instance with regard to poor processability or high water absorbency. Cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate (CA), cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) are less hydrophilic than cellulose, thermoplastic materials [4]. To improve their processability and mechanical properties, the addition of plasticizers is usable.…”

Postconsumer high‐density polyethylene/agave fiber foamed composites coated with chitosan for the removal of heavy metals

“…HDPE was from scrapped milk bottles originally manufactured with Paxon AD60-007 (ExxonChemical, Houston, TX) with a melt index of 0.7 g/10 min and a density of 0.960 g/cm 3 . Both agave fibers and HDPE were washed, dried, and milled before processing.…”

“…Metal uptake studies were conducted in a pH range at which most industrial effluents are discharged. 24 The pH was adjusted with NaOH or HNO 3 . We carried out the adsorption experiments in 15-mL glass vials by contacting [2 h for Cu(II) and 24 h for Cd(II)] about 1 g of CCC with 10 mL each of metal solution in a reciprocal Barnstead Shke5000-7 shaker bed at 298 K (West Chester, PA).…”

“…Among other desirable properties, the composites should possess enhanced biodegradability and should be reusable. [2][3][4] The removal of heavy metals from wastewaters is an important industrial challenge and is a concern to human health. Several solid adsorbents have been proposed for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous streams, for example, ion-exchange resins, 5 membrane filters, 6 metal hydroxide, 7 activated carbons, 8 and porous polymer beads.…”

Physical and mechanical of breadfruit leaves-polyethylene composites

“…In previous papers, starch/PEcomposites [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], lignin/PE [21][22][23][24], husk/PE [25][26][27], cellulose/PE [28][29][30][31][32], and wood flour/PE [33][34] showed that all of the biomass were being interest for research.Preparation of biodegradable films by acetylated acid modified rice starches and the thermal properties have been extensively studied [35].Thermoplastic starch could be an ideal matrix for packaging material or single-use articles, because it is a renewable resource material and biodegradable [36]. Since water is a plasticizer for starch, the performance of thermoplastic starch may be unstable and depending on the moisture contents, being in equilibrium with the ambient relative humidity [37].…”