“…Deformation-induced refinement is one of the main trends in the production of bulk metallic nanostructured materials which can be implemented using severe plastic deformation (SPD) [1]. Despite the existence of complicated SPD schemes (e.g., equalchannel angular pressing, isothermal forging, screw extrusion, and others [1][2][3]), we have shown for the first time that SPD, which can be used to create nanostructural materials, can be achieved by a sequential combination of deformation techniques that provide different stress epures (compression-squirting-extrusion-drawing) [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Deformation by drawing carried out at the final stage under cryogenic conditions (77 K) is an additional and important factor in structural refinement.…”