Structure and properties of nano-hydroxyapatite/poly(butylene succinate) porous scaffold for bone tissue engineering prepared by using ethanol as porogen

Abstract

Biodegradable polymers, because their degradation products are small molecules that do not cause immune system rejection, have been increasingly used by researchers to explore the preparation of scaffold with excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this study, nano-hydroxyapatite and polybutylene succinate were mixed by solution-blending to prepare a porous scaffold that could be used in the biomedical industry. Based on the viewpoint of bionics, porous scaffold with well pore structure and uniform dispersion of nano-hydroxyapatite particles was prepared using ethanol as a porogen. When ethanol was used as a porogen to prepare the porous scaffold, the effects of different mass ratios of nano-hydroxyapatite and polybutylene succinate on the porosity and pore structure of the porous scaffold were investigated under the same amount of ethanol. The mercury intrusion tests showed that the porosity of the 30 nano-hydroxyapatite/polybutylene succinate porous scaffold was 38.987%. The experiment results of in vitro mineralization and cell culture showed that the porous scaffolds have good osteogenic capacity and cell compatibility, including attachment and proliferation. All experiment results indicated that ethanol can be used as a porogen to prepare nano-hydroxyapatite/polybutylene succinate porous scaffold, and it has great potential as a scaffold for bone tissue engineering.

Morphology, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Co-Continuous Porous Structure of PLA/PVA Blends by Phase Separation

“…Tissue engineering relies on material properties and cell transportation to repair and regenerate bond defects [ 7 , 8 ]. Scaffold is used as a physical and biological support in tissue engineering, and it can be produced by PLA, poly (caprolactone) (PCL), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly (butylene succinate) (PBS), and poly (hydrobutyrate) (PHB) [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Mathieu et al [ 9 ] produced composite scaffold of PLA and ceramic powder for bone tissue engineering by using supercritical carbon dioxide as a physical foaming agent.…”

Preparation of PBS/PLLA/HAP Composites by the Solution Casting Method: Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility

“…Moreover, Huang et al [ 36 ] investigated the degradation rate and mechanical strength of a PLLA/n-HA (nano-hydroxyapatite) composite compared to neat PLLA and found that the PLLA/n-HA material had enhanced properties compared to PLLA material for artificial bone. Furthermore, Li et al [ 37 ] experimented with in vitro mineralization and cell culture of n-HA/PBS porous scaffolds, and from the results, found that these scaffolds have a good osteogenic capacity and cell compatibility. Similarly, a lot of research has been conducted on biodegradable polymer-based scaffolds; however, finding a suitable material that has all the properties of natural bone is still a major challenge.…”

Biologically modified implantation as therapeutic bioabsorbable materials for bone defect repair

“…[ 61 ] developed a HA/Rgo (reduced graphene oxide) composite scaffold with nano surface morphology and hierarchical pore structure, moreover, HA/Rgo could greatly accelerate bone ingrowth. The blending of HA and various high molecular polymers such as polylactic acid, poly (butylene succinate), can be optimized to improve mechanical stability, osteogenic ability, and biocompatibility [ 62 , 63 ]. Quercetin (Qtn) [ 64 ], Carbon nanotube [ 65 ], BMP-2, and alendronate [ 66 ] have become new HA/Col scaffolds in recent years, which promote bone regeneration.…”