Structure and Ultrastructure of the Dental Pulp

Dental mesenchymal stromal/stem cells in different microenvironments— implications in regenerative therapy

“…Enamel, dentin, and cementum are tissues with limited or no possibility to regenerate[ 29 ], while the dental pulp is a loose connective tissue profusely vascularized and innervated. Structurally, dental pulp is divided into three main regions that form a continuum: The peripheral odontoblastic and the sub-odontoblastic layer and the central pulp[ 30 , 31 ]. In terms of cellularity, the most common dental pulp cell types are fibroblasts, peripheral odontoblasts, and DPSCs, whereas collagens I and III represent extracellular pulpal matrix key protein components[ 32 ].…”

Measurement of Tissue Pressure in the Dental Pulp, using a Servo-Controlled Counterpressure System, of the Rat Incisor

“…The dental pulp is a highly vascular tissue enclosed in rigid mineralized dentin [17,18] blood vessels enter and exit the pulp via the apical and accessary foramina with nerve bundles, and its circulation lacks collateral circulation. The capillaries are present as two types: continuous capillaries and fenestrated capillaries [19]. The latter type of capillaries presents a thin endothelium layer exhibiting circular transcellular openings.…”

“…The periodontal ligament of the rat teeth has a greater percentage of its capillary surface area occupied by fenestrations and contains a greater number of fenestrations per unit volume tissue [20]. The tissue fluid produced from such blood vessels in and around the tooth is one of the important physiological factors of the microvascular environment [17][18][19][20]. It has also been found that pulpal blood flow and tissue pressure simultaneously increased after electrical tooth stimulation, suggesting that vascular distension caused by the increased blood flow compresses the lowcompliance pulpal tissue [18][19][20][21].…”

“…The tissue fluid produced from such blood vessels in and around the tooth is one of the important physiological factors of the microvascular environment [17][18][19][20]. It has also been found that pulpal blood flow and tissue pressure simultaneously increased after electrical tooth stimulation, suggesting that vascular distension caused by the increased blood flow compresses the lowcompliance pulpal tissue [18][19][20][21]. In addition, the increases in the regional blood flow following local injection of acetylcholine and Ringer's infusion were observed in the rat incisor [5,6].…”

A Light and Electron Microscopic Study on Pulpal Nerve Fibers in the Lower Incisor of the Mouse.

“…Degenerating figures of unmyelinated axons were seen at this level, and, on the other hand, very fine fibers could occasionally be seen running between the odontoblasts. We identified these as axons, because they ran between odontoblasts and showed a beadlike structure with mitochondria and neurofilaments (FRANK and NALBANDIAN, 1989). HATTYASY (1956) concluded that continuously growing incisors do not have sensory fibers, because inflammation in rat incisors is rare.…”