Structure, chemical reactivity and solubility of lignin: a fresh look

Evstigneyev, Edward I.; Shevchenko, S. M.

doi:10.1007/s00226-018-1059-1

Cited by 65 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The solubility of lignin in many of the solvents used in organosolv extraction is relatively low . Generally, smaller‐molecular‐weight polymers tend to have higher solubilities than their high‐molecular‐weight counterparts . Therefore, the initial fragmentation of lignin not only helps to free lignin from the biomass cell wall matrix but also helps to solubilize lignin.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Secondary Reactions Affecting the Organosolv Lignin Structure

Meyer

Zhang

et al. 2020

ChemSusChem

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Many valorization approaches for lignin rely on its organic solvent (organosolv) extraction. However, the severity of the extraction conditions required to obtain high lignin extraction generally results in low‐quality lignin for downstream processing. To better understand the secondary reaction pathways and kinetics related to molecular alterations that result from organosolv extraction under extreme conditions, extractions were conducted at temperatures of 150, 180, and 210 °C. Lignin was collected at residence times between 0.25 and 18 h and analyzed by NMR techniques to quantify the concentrations of key chemical moieties that appear or disappear upon reactions of lignin molecules during and after their fractionation from biomass. The kinetics of chemical moiety evolution was modeled as processes in‐series. In these models, pseudo first‐order kinetics were used to describe the change in concentration of chemical moieties on extracted lignin as a function of residence time.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Secondary Reactions Affecting the Organosolv Lignin Structure

Meyer

Zhang

et al. 2020

ChemSusChem

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“…[1] The native lignin present in biomass is a 3 D amorphous macromolecule made up principally by the combination of three different phenylpropane monomer units: p-coumaryl alcohol (H), guaiacyl alcohol (G) and syringyl alcohol (S), linked mainly by aryl ether bonds (b-O-4) in a randomized way. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Lignin is an abundant aromatic feedstock, but it is still largely considered as a source for heat and power for bio-refinery or pulping processes. [1,3,[10][11][12] The lack of well-established processes that add value to lignin can be largely attributed to its structural complexity and associated chemical recalcitrance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lignin is the main renewable resource of aromatic compounds . The native lignin present in biomass is a 3 D amorphous macromolecule made up principally by the combination of three different phenylpropane monomer units: p ‐coumaryl alcohol (H), guaiacyl alcohol (G) and syringyl alcohol (S), linked mainly by aryl ether bonds (β‐O‐4) in a randomized way . Lignin is an abundant aromatic feedstock, but it is still largely considered as a source for heat and power for bio‐refinery or pulping processes .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin Depolymerization: A Comparison of Methods to Analyze Monomers and Oligomers

et al. 2020

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Catalytic liquefaction of lignin is an attractive process to produce fuels and chemicals, but it forms a wide range of liquid products from monomers to oligomers. Oligomers represent an important fraction of the products and their analysis is complex. Therefore, rapid characterization methods are needed to screen liquefaction conditions based on the distribution in monomers and oligomers. For this purpose, UV spectroscopy is proposed as a fast and simple method to assess the composition of lignin‐derived liquids. UV absorption and fluorescence were studied on various model compounds and liquefaction products. Liquefaction of Soda lignin was conducted in an autoclave, in ethanol and with Pt/C catalyst (H2, 250 °C, 110 bar). Liquids were sampled at isothermal conditions every 30 min for 4 h. UV fluorescence spectroscopy is related to GC–MS, gel‐permeation chromatography (GPC), MALDI‐TOF MS, and NMR characterizations. A depolymerization index is proposed from UV spectroscopy to rapidly assess the relative distribution of monomers and oligomers.

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“…The low solubility of lignin represents a limit for its application in the cosmetic and cosmeceutical formulations [ 92 ]. This bias can be solved by the self-assembly of the native polymer into highly ordered lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) [ 93 ].…”

Section: Lignin As a Novel Eco-friendly Sunscreen Ingredientmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-Structured Lignin as Green Antioxidant and UV Shielding Ingredient for Sunscreen Applications

et al. 2021

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Green, biocompatible, and biodegradable antioxidants represent a milestone in cosmetic and cosmeceutical applications. Lignin is the most abundant polyphenol in nature, recovered as a low-cost waste from the pulp and paper industry and biorefinery. This polymer is characterized by beneficial physical and chemical properties which are improved at the nanoscale level due to the emergence of antioxidant and UV shielding activities. Here we review the use of lignin nanoparticles in cosmetic and cosmeceutical applications, focusing on sunscreen and antiaging formulations. Advances in the technology for the preparation of lignin nanoparticles are described highlighting structure activity relationships.

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Structure, chemical reactivity and solubility of lignin: a fresh look

Cited by 65 publications

References 71 publications

Kinetics of Secondary Reactions Affecting the Organosolv Lignin Structure

Kinetics of Secondary Reactions Affecting the Organosolv Lignin Structure

Lignin Depolymerization: A Comparison of Methods to Analyze Monomers and Oligomers

Nano-Structured Lignin as Green Antioxidant and UV Shielding Ingredient for Sunscreen Applications

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