Raising public awareness over the emerging health risk
due to intake
of arsenic-contaminated potable water is a matter of great concern.
Exploration of cost-effective, self-testing kits is a substantial
way to reach out to the masses and detect the presence of arsenate
in water. With this agenda, a photoluminescent Mannich base Zn(II)
complex (ZnMC = [Zn2(ML)2]·(ClO4)2·(H2O); HML = Mannich base ligand) has
been synthesized, and its dinuclearity was verified with single-crystal
X-ray diffraction structural analysis. Among a range of anions, ZnMC
was found to detect arsenate selectively by showing a turn-off emission
with a color change from bright green to dark under UV light. The
real-life applicability of the ZnMC probe is somewhat restricted to
only sensing of arsenate, but not its removal owing to the fact of
its homogeneity. Considering the efficacy of ZnMC as well as a need
for its easy removal from water, slight modification has been done
with chloride ions in the form of ZnMC″ (=[Zn2(ML)2(Cl)2]), and finally, an interface between homogeneous
and heterogeneous solid support has been explored with a strategic
fabrication of ZnMC″ grafted ZnAl2O4,
named as ZAZ nanomaterial. This not only imparts successful segregation
of arsenate from drinking water but also provides naked-eye detection
under ambient light as well as UV light. Thermodynamic parameters
associated with the binding of arsenate to ZnMC and ZAZ have been
evaluated through isothermal calorimetric (ITC) measurements. Steady-state
and time-resolved fluorescence titration study, absorption titration
study, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy
(TEM), and computational calculations have been performed to get deep
insights into the sensing properties. Proper justification of the
sensing mechanism is the highlight of this work. ZAZ nanomaterial
has been exploited to produce a self-test paper kit for arsenate detection
with a limit of 9.86 ppb, which potentially enables applications in
environmental monitoring.