Structure Elucidation and Immunomodulatory Activity of A Beta Glucan from the Fruiting Bodies of Ganoderma sinense

Han, Xiaoqiang; Yue, Gar-Lee; Yue, Rui-Qi; Dong, Caixia; Chan, Cora; Ko, Chun‐Hay; Cheung, Wing‐Tai; Luo, Ke-Wang; Dai, Hui; Wong, Chun-Kwok; Leung, Ping‐Chung; Han, Quan‐Bin

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100380

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The PBMCs used were a generous gift from Professor C.K. Wong of the Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (13). Briefly, the viability of jacaric acid-treated HMC-1 cells and PBMCs was measured by the colorimetric MTT reduction assay, as described previously (14).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-allergic effect of the naturally-occurring conjugated linolenic acid isomer, jacaric acid, on the activated human mast cell line-1

Liu¹,

Leung²

2015

Biomedical Reports

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Abstract. The present study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of jacaric acid, a naturally-occurring conjugated linolenic acid isomer that can be found in jacaranda seed oil, on the activated human mast cell line-1 (HMC-1). Our previous studies have demonstrated that jacaric acid only exerted minimal, if any, cytotoxicity on normal murine cells. In the present study, jacaric acid at concentrations ≤100 µM did not exhibit direct cytotoxicity on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells after 72 h of incubation, as determined by the MTT reduction assay. By contrast, jacaric acid could alleviate the calcium ionophore A23187 and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-triggered allergic response in the HMC-1 cells at concentrations that were non-cytotoxic to the HMC-1 cells. Following pre-treatment with jacaric acid, the secretion of two inflammatory mediators, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase and tryptase, as well as the T helper 2 cytokines [interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13] was significantly reduced in HMC-1 cells. The alleviation of allergic response was accompanied by downregulation of the matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 proteins and upregulation of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 protein. Collectively, the results indicated that the naturally-occurring jacaric acid exhibits a suppressive effect on the allergic response in activated human mast cells in vitro, and this could not be attributed to the direct cytotoxicity of jacaric acid on the treated cells.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-allergic effect of the naturally-occurring conjugated linolenic acid isomer, jacaric acid, on the activated human mast cell line-1

Liu¹,

Leung²

2015

Biomedical Reports

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“…In contrast with the cell wall of filamentous fungi and yeast, the main components of the alkali soluble fractions (FHA) after purifying with ultrafiltration and column chromatography were composed of hyper-branched β-(1→ 4)-glucans with a higher degree of branching (52 %) on the O-6 position whereas some β-(1→3)-linkages might exist in the side chains or backbone. Han et al (2014) also isolated a glucan with main chain β-(1→4),(1→6) with terminal and β-(1→3)-Glcp side chains at O-3 position of β-(1→6)-Glcp.…”

Section: Sparassis Crispamentioning

confidence: 96%

“…There are many studies with fungi belonging to this class, addressing specially the genus Pleurotus (Dalonso et al 2010;Baggio et al 2012;Schott et al 2013;Facchini et al 2014), Agaricus (Kim et al 2005;Gern et al 2010;Yamanaka et al 2012), Lentinus Wang et al 2014a), and Grifola (Adachi et al 1994;Masuda et al 2012;Fang et al 2012;Klaus et al 2015) The important medicinal effects previously described are associated mainly with polysaccharides present in the cell wall of fungi identified as linear or branched β-(1→3) glucans with chitin or O-6, O-4 substituted (Latgé 2007;Free 2013). Other glucans with main chain β-(1→4) (Li et al 2012) or β-(1→4), (1→6) (Han et al 2014) combined with proteins (polysaccharide-peptide) or not (Lee et al 2009) also have been described with biological activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β-(1→3),(1→6)-Glucans: medicinal activities, characterization, biosynthesis and new horizons

Dalonso

Goldman

Gern

2015

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Biological activities of medicinal mushrooms have been attributed to β-(1→3),(1→6)-glucans that are present in the cell wall of fungi and some plants. Antitumor, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antinociception, antiinflammatory, prebiotic, antioxidant, and antidiabetic are some of different properties already described for β-(1→3),(1→6)-glucans. Immune activation systems, including specific β-glucan receptors like Dectin-1, complement (CR3), and Toll (TLR), have been identified to clarify these biological effects. The β-(1→3)-glucans are synthesized by β-(1→3)-glucan synthase (GLS), an enzyme belonging to the glucosyltransferase group, which has a catalytic unit (FKS) and another regulatory (RHO). The mechanisms for adding β-(1→6) branches to the non-reducing ends of the β-(1→3)-glucan chains are unclear until now. Due to the biological importance of β-(1→3),(1→6)-glucan, it is necessary to understand the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of its synthesis, both to optimize the production of bioactive compounds and to develop antifungal drugs that interrupt this process. Therefore, the aim of this review is to gather information about the potential of β-(1→3),(1→6)-glucans, their methods of isolation, purification, and chemical characterization, as well as how these biomolecules are synthesized by fungi and what studies involving biotechnology or molecular biology have contributed to this subject.

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“…Immunological assay exhibited that GSP-2 significantly induced the proliferation of BALB/c mice splenocytes with target on only B cells, and enhanced the production of several cytokines in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and derived dendritic cells (Han et al 2014). Furthermore, they revealed FIP-gsi could enhance the production levels of cytokinine, including interleukin-2, 3 and 4 interferon gamma, TNF-α, and interleukin receptor-2 in mouse spleen cells.…”

Section: Ganoderma Sinensementioning

confidence: 99%

Mycosphere Essays 20: Therapeutic potential of Ganoderma species: Insights into its use as traditional medicine

Hapuarachchi¹

2017

Mycosphere

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The genus Ganoderma (Ganodermataceae) has a long history in traditional medicine to improve longevity and health in Asia. Ganoderma has been widely used in multiple therapeutic activities as well as dietary supplements to prevent and treat many diseases. Several classes of bioactive substances have been isolated and identified from Ganoderma, such as polysaccharides, triterpenoids, nucleosides, sterols, fatty acids, protein and alkaloids. There are numerous research publications, which report the abundance and variety of biological actions initiated by the metabolites of Ganoderma. Investigation on different metabolic activities of Ganoderma species has been performed both in vitro and in vivo. In many cases, however, it has been questioned whether Ganoderma is solely a nourishment supplement for wellbeing or merely a helpful "medication" for restorative purposes. There has been no any conclusive report of human trials using Ganoderma species as a direct control agent for diseases. In addition, there is no evidence supporting the usage of Ganoderma species (excluding G. lucidum) as potential supplements for cancer or other diseases in humans since no preclinical trials have been performed up to date. In this review, the beneficial medicinal properties of several species of Ganoderma (excluding G. lucidum) and their secondary metabolites are discussed. Ganoderma species can be used as a therapeutic drug, but more direct scientific evidence should be made available in the future. The efficiency of Ganoderma in clinical treatments should be substantiated with more biomedical research and their true impact assessed on human health with more standardized clinical evaluations so that the feasibility of biologically active extracts of Ganoderma species in alternative treatments can be recommended.

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Structure Elucidation and Immunomodulatory Activity of A Beta Glucan from the Fruiting Bodies of Ganoderma sinense

Cited by 30 publications

References 38 publications

Anti-allergic effect of the naturally-occurring conjugated linolenic acid isomer, jacaric acid, on the activated human mast cell line-1

Anti-allergic effect of the naturally-occurring conjugated linolenic acid isomer, jacaric acid, on the activated human mast cell line-1

β-(1→3),(1→6)-Glucans: medicinal activities, characterization, biosynthesis and new horizons

Mycosphere Essays 20: Therapeutic potential of Ganoderma species: Insights into its use as traditional medicine

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