Structure of depression in older men and women

Oltman, Andrew M.; Michals, Timothy J.; Steer, Robert A.

doi:10.1002/1097-4679(198007)36:3<672::aid-jclp2270360311>3.0.co;2-z

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Taken altogether, this answers the central question of this paper: the gender difference in depression, with women more likely to be depressed than men, is found in people over the age of 60. (See Table S1 in Supplemental Materials for the full list of articles reviewed, e.g., [20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70]).…”

Section: Epidemiology Of the Gender Difference In Depression In Olmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gender Difference in Depression: Are Elderly Women at Greater Risk for Depression Than Elderly Men?

2017

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Numerous epidemiological reports have found that adolescent, young adult, and middle-aged adult girls and women are more likely to be diagnosed with unipolar depression and report greater symptoms of depression when compared to boys and men of similar ages. What is less well-known is whether this gender difference persists into late life. This literature review examines whether the well-known gender difference in unipolar depression continues into old age, and, if it does, whether the variables that are known to contribute to the gender difference in unipolar depression from adolescence through adulthood continue to contribute to the gender difference in the elderly, and/or whether there are new variables that arise in old age and contribute to the gender difference in the elderly. In this review of 85 empirical studies from every continent except for Antarctica, we find substantial support for the gender difference in depression in individuals who are 60 and older. More research is necessary to determine which factors are the strongest predictors of the gender difference in depression in late life, and particularly whether the factors that seem to be responsible for the gender difference in depression in earlier life stages continue to predict the gender difference in the elderly, and/or whether new factors come into play in late life. Longitudinal research, meta-analyses, and model-based investigations of predictors of the gender difference in depression are needed to provide insights into how and why the gender difference in depression persists in older age.

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Section: Epidemiology Of the Gender Difference In Depression In Olmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gender Difference in Depression: Are Elderly Women at Greater Risk for Depression Than Elderly Men?

2017

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“…et al, 1964), little research interest has been shown in developing instruments to identify and measure emotional states in the elderly. The validity of existing self-report measures of depression with elderly sub jects has recently been questioned by several studies (Blumenthal, 1975;Harmatz and Shader, 1975; Zemore and Eames, 1979;Oltman et al, 1980). These have indicated that the pattern of response to such self-report measures by elderly subjects is distorted by the overlap between typical depressive symptomatology and changes associated with the ageing process itself.…”

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confidence: 99%

Self-Report Measures of Mood and Morale in Elderly Depressives

1981

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The self-report scales of mood and morale were administered to 45 elderly in-patient depressives and 45 non-patient controls, matched for age and sex. The responses of the two groups differed significantly in the predicted direction. When 18 patients from the depressive group were re-tested 6 to 8 weeks later, at discharge, significant declines in self-reported depression, and increases in "life-satisfaction' were reported. Within the depressive group, there was a significant relationship between "overt' depressive behaviour on the ward and self-reporting of greater depressive symptoms, and lower "life-satisfaction'. The importance of independent validation of self-report measures of mood and morale in elderly populations is discussed.

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“…different study methods, criteria used and the age distribution in the studied population, see reviews by Gunner-Svensson & Jensen ( 3 ) and Gurland (4). High prevalence rates primarily stem from studies based on the subjects filling in a questionnaire (2,5,6). The method of using questionnaires for case identification is discussed in detail by Goldberg (7).…”

Section: Received April 7 1982; Accepted For Publication September mentioning

confidence: 83%

Psychiatric study of 69‐year‐old health examinees in Stockholm

Enzell

1983

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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Persons born in 1905 and living in the municipality of Stockholm were, in 1971, invited to a health check-up. The participants in this investigation were 3 years later invited to a follow-up-control. In this, 4,930 persons participated, i.e. approx. 50% of Stockholmers born in 1905, the original target population. In a questionnaire administered in connection with the 1974 health check-up 4% of the men and 7% of the women claimed to have symptoms suggesting a depressive syndrome. These 284 persons were examined psychiatrically, as well as 178 who had claimed the same symptoms 3 years earlier, and 127 who constituted a control group, in all 589 persons. In nearly all cases the depressed mood was judged to be a sign of neurotic condition. Severe untreated depressive states were not observed. In most cases retirement as such seemed not to have had any negative effect on the mental health of the examinees. Fifty-nine subjects stated that their mental problems had begun after the health examination in 1971, i.e. after the age of 65. The majority of subjects with mental disorders had developed their problems much earlier. It would appear that a general health control for elderly people in a major urban area does not reach those pensioners who are most depressed.

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Structure of depression in older men and women

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

The Gender Difference in Depression: Are Elderly Women at Greater Risk for Depression Than Elderly Men?

The Gender Difference in Depression: Are Elderly Women at Greater Risk for Depression Than Elderly Men?

Self-Report Measures of Mood and Morale in Elderly Depressives

Psychiatric study of 69‐year‐old health examinees in Stockholm

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