Structure of fruits and seeds and ways of dissemination of two species of the genus Aristolochia L. in Primorsky Krai

Living on the Edge: Various Modes of Persistence at the Range Margins of Some Far Eastern Species

“…Its seeds are adapted to spread by water and by wind (Nechaev & Nakonechnaya, 2009 Similar to most Aristolochiaceae species, A. manshuriensis is an evolutionarily outcrossing plant exhibiting special adaptations of its flower structures (gynostemium) to ensure crosspollination by insects. Autogamy and geitonogamy are possible, but pollinators are required to perform self-pollination as well as cross-pollination .…”