The stereochemical and structural analysis of matrine was carried out using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Several methods, including ' 3C-'H two-dimensional shift correlation spectroscopy, 'H-'H two-dimensional correlated spectroscopy and measurements of vicinal 'H-'H coupling constants were used for chemical shift assignments and configurational analysis. Nuclear Overhauser effect difference spectroscopy was used to establish the sterochemistry. This investigation demonstrates the power of two-dimensional NMR techniques and the nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) in the structural determination of natural products.