Structure of nanographite synthesised by electrochemical oxidation and exfoliation of polycrystalline graphite

Abstract

The Letter presents the results of characterisation of intercalated and exfoliated graphite. The electrochemically exfoliated graphite (EEG) was synthesised in solution containing sulphuric acid and potassium chlorate(V). The number of graphene layers, degree of disordering and the presence of functional groups were determined using X-ray diffraction method, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and UV-visible spectroscopy. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to imaging morphology and structure of the synthesised material. The obtained micrographs indicate the presence of highly disordered areas near the edge of flakes and in-plane ordered lattice structure in the flat zone between disordered areas. X-ray diffraction patterns clearly indicate the presence of both nanographite and graphene oxide. The EEG was also characterised by relatively high thermal stability, which was confirmed using thermogravimetric analysis.

Mechanical performance of composites reinforced with carbon black and different types of graphitic nanofillers for different applications

“…The location and intensity of the peak are highly related to carbon material. 34 Diffraction peaks obtained for the graphene nanoplatelets show the graphite behavior by forming a peak around 26.7° (d = 3.35 Å) as shown in Figure 2(C). A wider peak represents the availability of various sizes of graphene nanoplatelets.…”

Iron Integration in Nickel Hydroxide Matrix vs Surface for Oxygen-Evolution Reaction: Where the Nernst Equation Does Not Work

“…48−63 XRD shows the presence of graphite for all of these electrodes (Figure 5a and b). 39 In addition, the presence of FeO(OH) and O(OH) is confirmed in FeO(OH) and compound 2 with small peaks (Figure 5a and b). To thoroughly analyze the surface composition and oxidation states of the electrode, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was utilized (Figure 5c−f).…”

Electrochemical Performance of Carbon Materials

“…XRD patterns in figure 1 show the crystalline nature of ball-milled graphite nanoparticles with different milling times. The ball-milled graphite particles show a sharp and tight peak around 2q = 26° [19][20][21][22][23] which corresponds to (002) the plane of the graphitic framework. The diffraction peaks present at 2 h milled sample 2q = 26.59°, 4 h milled sample peak value 2q = 26.56°, and 8 h milled sample peak present at 2q = 26.51° all the samples attributed to the (002) plane 24,25 .…”