Structure of the condensed phase and char of fire-retarded PBT nanocomposites by TGA/ATR in N2

Bakirtzis, D.; Ramani, Alwar; Delichatsios, Michael; Zhang, Yaobi

doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2009.07.002

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The amount of residue at 600 °C is found to be 2.2 and 0.9% for pCBT and pCBT/THF, respectively. The onset temperatures of degradation and amounts of residue are consistent with published values for PBT33 and pCBT 34. The difference of both residual amounts is very small and is attributed to the inherent experimental error.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Toughening of in situ polymerized cyclic butylene terephthalate by addition of tetrahydrofuran

Abt¹,

Sánchez‐Soto²,

Illescas³

et al. 2010

Polymer International

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A new method of toughening polymerized cyclic butylene terephthalate (pCBT) with tetrahydrofuran (THF) is proposed. The\ud pCBT was prepared by in situ ring-opening polymerization of a commercial cyclic butylene terephthalate, a cyclic form of\ud poly(butylene terephthalate), in the presence of THF. In comparison to conventionally polymerized pCBT, the resultant material\ud was found to be ductile, showing a strain at break of well above 100% in tensile tests. Other matrix properties, such as tensile\ud modulus, tensile strength and glass transition temperature, were not significantly altered by the addition of THF. It was found\ud that the presence of THF enhanced the polymerization reaction, resulting in an increased molecular weight and a narrowed\ud molecularweightdistribution. Moreover, remaining oligomers after polymerization were extractedby the THF anda toughened\ud oligomer-free pCBT was obtained. The influence of time and temperature on the long-time toughening action of THF was\ud studied. The results showed that samples became brittle after 3months when subjected to a temperature of 80 ◦C, resulting in\ud a reduction of the toughening action.\ud c 2010 Society of Chemical IndustryPeer ReviewedPostprint (published version

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Toughening of in situ polymerized cyclic butylene terephthalate by addition of tetrahydrofuran

Abt¹,

Sánchez‐Soto²,

Illescas³

et al. 2010

Polymer International

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“…The addition of AlPi into PA‐6 (OP2) decreases T 5% , T 50% , and T max value by 7, 15, and 28 °C, respectively and increases the char yield from 0% to 1%. According to FTIR results of OP2 (Figure ), a broad peak seen at 1030 cm −1 is caused by phosphate vibration of aluminum phosphate that is the main component of char .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PA-6 (OP1) decomposes with maximum weight loss rate at 463 C without any char residue at 800 C. The addition of AlPi into PA-6 (OP2) decreases T 5% , T 50% , and T max value by 7, 15, and 28 C, respectively and increases the char yield from 0% to 1%. According to FTIR results of OP2 (Figure 3), a broad peak seen at 1030 cm À1 is caused by phosphate vibration of aluminum phosphate that is the main component of char [33]. The addition of ZnB (OP3 and OP4) OP increases the char formation and reduces the T max , progressively.…”

Section: Thermal Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The flame retardant effect of aluminum phosphinate in combination with zinc borate, borophosphate, and nanoclay in polyamide‐6

Doğan

Bayramlı

2012

Fire and Materials

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SUMMARYThe effect of zinc borate (ZnB), borophosphate (BPO 4 ), and organoclay were studied to improve the flame retardancy of polyamide-6 composites containing organic phosphinates. The flame retardancy of polyamide-6 composites was investigated using limiting oxygen index (LOI), Underwriters Laboratories (UL-94) standard, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and mass loss calorimeter. The addition of 15 wt% aluminum phosphinate (AlPi) increased the LOI value from 22.5 to 29.5, and V0 rating was obtained from UL-94 test. The addition of organoclay, ZnB, and borophosphate does not change the predominant gas phase mechanism of AlPi during LOI and UL-94 tests. The addition of organoclay increased the condensed phase mechanism of AlPi physically by the protective effect of layered silicate, whereas the addition of ZnB increased the condensed phase mechanism of AlPi chemically by the formation of boron aluminum phosphate species deducted from mass loss calorimeter studies.

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“…The PHRR was decreased by 65% compared with pure PET, and the LOI value achieved 38 vol% in the case of 18 wt% of OP950 and 2 wt% of OMPOSS in PET composites (Figure ). During combustion, OMPOSS played a role in the condensed phase, and diethylphosphic acid and metal phosphates were produced from OP950 to suppress the flame and enhance the char , leading to better flame retardancy.…”

Section: Blending Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…OMPOSS in PET composites ( Figure 11). During combustion, OMPOSS played a role in the condensed phase, and diethylphosphic acid and metal phosphates were produced from OP950 to suppress the flame and enhance the char [58], leading to better flame retardancy. In general, physical blending introduced a convenient way to prepare POSS nanocomposite.…”

Section: Blending Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame retardancy and thermal stability of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanocomposites

et al. 2011

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The flame retardancy and thermal stability of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanocomposites are reviewed. Results are summarized and compared on the basis of structure–property relationships. Because of the variability of groups attached on POSS, they exhibit different performance in polymer nanocomposites: metal‐containing POSS show good catalytic charring ability; vinyl‐containing and phenyl‐containing POSS promote the strength of char. Improvements in the cone calorimeter (such as reduced peak heat release rate) are advantages of POSS as preceramics for fire retardancy compared with traditional flame retardants, and it will pave the way to the design of inorganic–organic hybrid polymer nanocomposites with enhanced flame retardancy and thermal stability. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Structure of the condensed phase and char of fire-retarded PBT nanocomposites by TGA/ATR in N2

Cited by 20 publications

References 16 publications

Toughening of in situ polymerized cyclic butylene terephthalate by addition of tetrahydrofuran

Toughening of in situ polymerized cyclic butylene terephthalate by addition of tetrahydrofuran

The flame retardant effect of aluminum phosphinate in combination with zinc borate, borophosphate, and nanoclay in polyamide‐6

Flame retardancy and thermal stability of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanocomposites

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