“…They are generally fabricated by thermal treatment of electrospun precursor nanofibers such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polybenzimidazole (PBI) [ 3 ], lignin [ 4 ], and cellulose [ 5 ]. Among precursors, aromatic polyimides are good precursor candidates due to their high thermal stability and well-defined molecular structure, and they have been mainly investigated as carbon molecular sieve membranes for gas separation [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. The molecular structure of polyimides can be controlled by the selection of dianhydride and diamine, which is crucial to determine carbonization behavior.…”