Structured Silicon Anodes for Lithium Battery Applications

Green, Mino; Fielder, E.; Scrosati, B.; Wachtler, Mario; Moreno, Judith Serra

doi:10.1149/1.1563094

Cited by 356 publications

(245 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…One form of particular interest is the one-dimensional (1D) Si nanowire, which displays a high aspect ratio and has found numerous applications in semiconductor and other technologies [19]. Green et al [20] were the first to propose using an arrangement of elongated silicon structures with sub-micron diameters on a substrate for the anode of a lithium-ion cell. In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations have revealed that the insertion of Li + into <112> oriented Si nanowires is associated with an anisotropic swelling of the nanowires, preferentially along the <110> direction, and characterised by a dumb-bell shaped cross-section [16].…”

Section: Siliconmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Capacity fading following structural transformation and increasing impedance may account for such losses [12,25]. Further examples of Si NW electrodes include those grown by reactive ion etching [20] or metal-assisted etching, which displayed both high surface roughness and high conductivity [26], and by a plasma-enhanced CVD method which displayed a high level of interconnection, maintaining good contact with the current collector with ~100% capacity retention at a C/2 rate [27].…”

Section: Siliconmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating the performance of nanostructured materials as lithium-ion battery electrodes

et al. 2013

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Access to the full text of the published version may require a subscription. Rights © Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin ABSTRACTThe performance of the lithium-ion cell is heavily dependent on the ability of the host electrodes to accommodate and release Li + ions from the local structure. While the choice of electrode materials may define parameters such as cell potential and capacity, the process of intercalation may be physically limited by the rate of solid-state Li + diffusion. Increased diffusion rates in lithium-ion electrodes may be achieved through a reduction in the diffusion path, accomplished by a scaling of the respective electrode dimensions.In addition, some electrodes may undergo large volume changes associated with charging and discharging, the strain of which, may be better accommodated through nanostructuring. Failure of the host to accommodate such volume changes may lead to pulverisation of the local structure and a rapid loss of capacity. In this review article, we seek to highlight a number of significant gains in the development of nanostructured lithium-ion battery architectures (both anode and cathode), as drivers of potential next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices.

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Section: Siliconmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Siliconmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the performance of nanostructured materials as lithium-ion battery electrodes

et al. 2013

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“…For pure as-cast Mg 2 Si, CV curves (see Figure S8 (a)) show two cathodic peaks at 0.7 V and 0.15 V in the first scan, which both are related to the formation of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film and the lithiation process of Mg 2 Si and/or Si, respectively [36,37]. The observed absence of certain cathodic peaks corresponding to the formation of Li-Si (0.25 and 0.09 V) and Li 2 MgSi (0.2V) phases when compared with the differential capacity plot is probably caused by kinetical hindering of the specific reactions [34] when the experimental conditions of the CV measurements are applied.…”

Section: Differential Capacity Plotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured magnesium silicide Mg2Si and its electrochemical performance as an anode of a lithium ion battery

Nazer

Denys

Andersen

et al. 2017

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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Nano-crystalline Mg 2 Si (Mg 67 Si 33 ) and its Si-rich eutectic (Mg 47 Si 53 ) composition were synthesized by hydrogen desorption-recombination process, casting and rapid solidification techniques. The synthesis of Mg 2 Si meets experimental challenges due to a significant difference in the melting temperatures of Mg (650 °C) and Si (1414 °C) and due to easy vaporization of magnesium metal. As cast alloys were obtained by induction melting the precursors, Mg and Si, followed by the casting and water quenching. These alloys were rapidly solidified using a chill block melt spinning which produces ribbons with fine dendritic morphology and a grain size close to 100 nm. Hydrogen desorption-recombination process of MgH 2 -Si mixture resulted in a release of ~ 4.67 wt. % H and formation of Mg 2 Si. The microstructure of the alloys has been studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy and the relationship between microstructure and electrochemical properties as anodes of the lithium ion batteries was characterised. The electrochemical tests indicate that Si rich eutectic electrode shows a higher charge-discharge capacity than the Mg 2 Si intermetallic. Rapidly solidified Mg 2 Si and Mg 2 Si + Si alloys showed the highest initial discharge capacities of 989 mAh/g and 1283 mAh/g, respectively, superior to the alloys prepared by hydrogen desorption-recombination process and casting. The presence of electrolyte additives FEC (5 %) and VC (1 %) resulted in the formation of the stable SEI layer and enhanced the cycling capacity of the electrodes. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) was used to characterize the anode electrodes on cycling. A mathematical model for accounting the impedance response was utilised. The EIS response showed an increased overall resistance for the Mg 2 Si eutectic Si-containing alloy electrodes when compared to the electrodes based on a stoichiometric Mg 2 Si. Long-term cycling resulted in increased charge transfer resistance, which slowed down the electrochemical processes at the surface of the electrodes.

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“…Lithium-ion (micro-)batteries with solid electrolytes can be prepared via high temperature processing techniques; they are, however, limited in power density [4][5][6][7][8]. Alternatively, one may consider miniaturized batteries with liquid electrolytes [9,10]; these systems may provide pulsed currents as high as 100 mA cm −2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earlier studies focused on adequate barriers for solidstate systems rather than lithium-ion batteries relying on liquid electrolytes [10]. Virtually no experimental information is available about what would be best suited for onchip Li-ion microbatteries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%