Structures and Optical Properties of Resins Containing Several Carboxylic Acids Neutralized with Barium Ion

Eguchi, S.; Asano, Hidefumi

doi:10.1295/polymj.23.1069

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 19 publications

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“…The authors attributed the lower levels of delignification to Ba +2Promoting the coagulation of kraft lignin. In addition, Ba +2ions.are reported to form "ionic cross-linkages" between carboxylic anions [15]; such ionic crosslinkages could increase the hydrodynamic volume of oxidized lignin [7] via coagulation and decrease the solubility of the lignin in aqueous solutions.…”

Section: Literature Observations On Lignin Solubility and Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of the Bleaching Medium on Caustic Extraction Efficiency (II): Oxidized Lignin Solubility

Brogdon¹,

Dimmel²,

McDonough³

1999

Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology

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Section: Literature Observations On Lignin Solubility and Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of the Bleaching Medium on Caustic Extraction Efficiency (II): Oxidized Lignin Solubility

Brogdon¹,

Dimmel²,

McDonough³

1999

Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology

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Selective formation of gradient-index profiles inside a planar polymer substrate by a lithographic technique

et al. 1994

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A fabricating technique that is capable of easy pattern formation for gradient-index polymer optical devices is proposed. Monomers with low refractive indices are diffused into a gel that contains barium ion patterned by a lithographic technique, and then the diffusion profile is fixed by thermal polymerization. The gradient-index profiles can be selectively formed in the ultraviolet- (UV-) irradiated regions by utilizing the difference in diffusion rate of monomers between regions in the same substrate. The optical properties and shapes of the gradient-index profiles are determined by the diffusion behavior of the monomers into the UV-irradiated regions. A lens array, consisting of two equivalent gradient-index lenses distributed uniformly in the substrate, and a low-loss Y-branched waveguide are fabricated by this technique, and their optical properties are demonstrated.

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Structures and Optical Properties of Resins Containing Several Carboxylic Acids Neutralized with Barium Ion

Cited by 2 publications

References 19 publications

The Influence of the Bleaching Medium on Caustic Extraction Efficiency (II): Oxidized Lignin Solubility

The Influence of the Bleaching Medium on Caustic Extraction Efficiency (II): Oxidized Lignin Solubility

Selective formation of gradient-index profiles inside a planar polymer substrate by a lithographic technique

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