Structures, Lipophilicity, Dipole Moments, Acidity and Spectroscopic Properties of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Diclofenac, Bromfenac and Amfenac: A Theoretical Study

Abstract

This work is a contribution of theoretical chemistry to the classification of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Indeed, research on the efficacy of NSAIDs has shown that no NSAID is recognized as the most efficient anti-inflammatory drug. We have made a theoretical study of diclofenac, bromfenac and amfenac, in order to compare their efficacy from some physicochemical properties. To do this, we used the DFT and TD-DTF methods at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d, p) level theory. The lipophilicity study shows that diclofenac and bromfenac are very lipophilic. Acidity study shows that diclofenac is more acid than bromfenac and amfenac. The results from molecular orbital and the TD-DFT calculations reveal that for the three NSAIDs, the lowest energy transition is due to the excitation from HOMO to LUMO. The absorption energy corresponding to H→L transition is comparable with the energy gap value. Our findings have shown that bromfenac is more reactive than amfenac, which is more reactive than diclofenac.

Mechanism and behavior of caffeine sorption: affecting factors

“…However, some constraints must be overcome, such as particle size and crystal morphology, where the lack of functional groups on the surface reduces adsorbate molecule removal efficiency. 73 The majority of studies have found that caffeine adsorption is more efficient in an acidic or neutral environment. Caffeine adsorption is relatively consistent in the pH range of 5-8, according to studies.…”

“…However, some constraints must be overcome, such as particle size and crystal morphology, where the lack of functional groups on the surface reduces adsorbate molecule removal efficiency. 73 …”

What is the Effect of Changing pH on Pharmaceuticals’ Sorption?

“…Another substance of interest in this group is caffeine. Caffeine is reported to have a high dipole moment, which increases with the polarity of the solution [1,21,22]. The neutral charge on the nitrogen atom interacts electrostatically with any negatively polarised functional group, and like that observed with atenolol, strongly positively charged caffeine ions are probably also capable of ion exchange in zeolites.…”

Comparative Theoretical Study of Stability, Lypophilicity, Dipole Moments, Acidity and Spectroscopic Properties of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen and Flurbiprofen

“…Then the spectral studies of NSAIDs have been performed using TD-DFT at B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level of theory in gas phase. TD-DFT is a reliable method for the excited state computation that provides accurate results [43][44][45]. To obtain the nature and energy of the singlet-singlet electronic transition, the prediction of the first 3 excited states are performed.…”