Struktur Komunitas Mesofauna Tanah Perombak Bahan Organik Pada Vegetasi Kopi Dan Kakao

Abstract

The use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides can change the agroecosystem gradually. These changes may result in a decrease in the diversity of soil organisms. These organisms are very important in the decomposition process of reforming the organic matter into compounds that are readily absorbed by plants. Other changes include a change in the soil structure which will affect the soil chemical and physical characteristic and ultimately affect the soil productivity leading to a decreased agricultural product. The return of the remains from harvest, litter and crop residues from coffee and cocoa crops to the soil will provide energy for soil organisms and it will help maintain the soil environment that supports the life of other organisms. This research aimed at identifying the composition and diversity of mesofauna formed by the composted organic matter in cocoa and coffee plantations. Soil sampling was conducted on coffee and cocoa plantations in the Onelako village of Ndona District. Soil sampling was conducted in September 2010. Soil sampling used Neuman method of 0-15 cm and 16-30 cm depth. Each soil sample was taken to the laboratory. The separation of mesofauna from soil used Berlese-tullgran method that had been modified for 4 days. The separated Meso fauna was identified under the light microscope. The result of this research showed that the highest composition of mesofauna decomposer of organic matter in cocoa and coffee vegetation is Collembola. Collembola is very tolerant to acidic soil condition and they are dominant in the soil and surface habitats that contain lots of litter. Collembola is microarthropods that have large distribution both in quantity and diversity. The highest diversity of mesofauna on coffee vegetation is 1.525 and on cocoa, vegetation is 1.273. It was also noted that at a depth of 0-15 cm there was a higher concentration of mesofauna in the coffee vegetation area, which was about 7.3960, while in the cocoa vegetation there where 3.6376. The high level of the diversity index caused an increase in decomposition and therefore better soil fertility.

Microclimate Dynamics In Sweet Corn Intercropping with Various Legumes

“…The legume canopy absorbs The light that is not caught by the sweet corn canopy, so its intensity is reduced, eventually reaching above ground level less. Vegetation above ground level affects the amount of radiation intercepted before falling at ground level [60]. In the 7th week after planting, sweet corn and legume are already in the generative growth phase [50], where the crop leaves are fully open so that the shoot of the crop catches the sunlight.…”

Kelimpahan dan Keanekaragaman Collembola dan Hubungannya dengan Tingkat Kesuburan Tanah Lahan Percontohan Reklamasi Tambang Timah Desa Bukit Layang, Bangka

“…Indeks keanekaragaman menunjukkan bahwa keanekaragaman jenis di stasiun 1 yang ditanami sengon telah mendekati kondisi hutan kontrol sedangkan stasiun 2 yang ditanami pohon buah memiliki nilai keanekaragaman rendah. Menurut penelitian Erniyani et al (2010) semakin tinggi keanekaragaman maka proses dekomposisi bahan organik akan semakin cepat dan kesuburan tanah semakin tinggi. Keanekaragaman Collembola berkaitan dengan kemampuan adaptasi dan ketersediaan makanan (Widrializa, 2016).…”

Identifikasi dan Toleransi Kemasaman Mesofauna Indigenous Tanaman Lada untuk Pertumbuhan Bibit Lada (Piper nigrum L.)

“…Peningkatkan perkembangan dan aktivitas mesofauna tanah dan akan berdampak positif bagi kesuburan tanah (Hilman & Handayani 2013). Erniyani et al (2010), menginformasikan kehidupan mesofauna tanah sangat tergantung pada faktor lingkungan abiotik dan biotik disekitarnya seperti suhu, kelembaban tanah, pH tanah, porositas tanah. Mesofauna dalam metabolismenya mengeluarkan feces yang mengandung berbagai hara dalam bentuk tersedia bagi tanaman dan kehidupan lainya yang ada dalam tanah.…”

“…Terdapat keanekaragaman habitat sehubungan pH pada jenis mesofauna tanah (Erniyani et al 2010). Fauna tanah dapat digolongkan sebagai asidofil (hidup pada pH tanah masam), kalsinofil (hidup pada pH tanah basa) dan indifferen (hidup pada pH tanah masam maupun basa).…”

“…Keberadaan biota tanah sangat berperan dalam proses dekomposisi, aliran karbon, siklus unsur hara dan perbaikan aggregat tanah (Saraswati et al 2007;Erniyani et al 2010). Menurut Hilman & Handayani (2013), ketersediaan energi dan hara bagi mesofauna tanah akan meningkatkan perkembangan dan aktivitas mesofauna tanah dan akan berdampak positif bagi kesuburan tanah.…”