Stuck on you: Face-to-face arousal and gaze aversion in Williams syndrome

Doherty‐Sneddon, Gwyneth; Riby, Deborah M.; Calderwood, Lesley; Ainsworth, Leanne

doi:10.1080/13546800903043336

Cited by 45 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In spite of a general deleterious effect on visual-spatial abilities in Williams syndrome, there is an increased tendency of individuals with Williams syndrome to focus on faces compared to controls [Jarvinen-Pasley et al, 2008;Hancock, 2008, 2009;Doherty-Sneddon et al, 2009]. Our results show that only regions in the inferior aspect of the temporal lobe, along the left fusiform gyrus and mid-fusiform sulcus, show decreased CT compared to controls.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

Surface‐based morphometry reveals distinct cortical thickness and surface area profiles in Williams syndrome

Green

Fierro

Raman

et al. 2016

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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Morphometric investigations of brain volumes in Williams syndrome (WS) consistently show significant reductions in gray matter volume compared to controls. Cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) are two constituent parts of cortical gray matter volume that are considered genetically distinguishable features of brain morphology. Yet, little is known about the independent contribution of cortical CT and SA to these volumetric differences in WS. Thus, our objectives were: (i) to evaluate whether the microdeletion in chromosome 7 associated with WS has a distinct effect on CT and SA, and (ii) to evaluate age-related variations in CT and SA within WS. We compared CT and SA values in 44 individuals with WS to 49 age- and sex-matched typically developing controls. Between-group differences in CT and SA were evaluated across two age groups: young (age range 6.6-18.9 years), and adults (age range 20.2-51.5 years). Overall, we found contrasting effects of WS on cortical thickness (increases) and surface area (decreases). With respect to brain topography, the between-group pattern of CT differences showed a scattered pattern while the between-group surface area pattern was widely distributed throughout the brain. In the adult subgroup, we observed a cluster of increases in cortical thickness in WS across the brain that was not observed in the young subgroup. Our findings suggest that extensive early reductions in surface area are the driving force for the overall reduction in brain volume in WS. The age-related cortical thickness findings might reflect delayed or even arrested development of specific brain regions in WS.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

Surface‐based morphometry reveals distinct cortical thickness and surface area profiles in Williams syndrome

Green

Fierro

Raman

et al. 2016

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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“…For example, the hypersociability of people with WS led to two alternative hypotheses about their physiological responsiveness in response to emotional faces: increased ANS activity because of their increased interest in faces or decreased ANS activity because of decreased social anxiety (Plesa Skwerer et al, 2009). The findings from this and a second study revealed autonomic hypoarousal, in line with the second hypothesis (Doherty-Sneddon, Riby, Calderwood, & Ainsworth, 2009;Plesa Skwerer et al, 2009). Thus, the use of physiological measures informed the behavioral responses and could be reconciled with the behavioral phenotype of WS.…”

Section: Music and Emotionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Musical Interests and Abilities in Individuals with Developmental Disabilities

Lense

Dykens

2011

International Review of Research in Developmental Disabilities

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“…Individuals with WS showed reduced physiological reactivity (hypoarousal) compared to typically developing participants. In further research, Doherty-Sneddon, Riby, Calderwood, and Ainsworth (2009) explored autonomic arousal to real faces in a small group of individuals with WS (n = 12) during a question-and-answer session with an experimenter. Individuals with WS showed lower than typical baseline SCL.…”

Section: Williams Syndrome (Ws)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological reactivity to faces via live and video-mediated communication in typical and atypical development

Riby

Whittle

Doherty‐Sneddon

2012

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

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The human face is a powerful elicitor of emotion, which induces autonomic nervous system responses. In this study, we explored physiological arousal and reactivity to affective facial displays shown in person and through video-mediated communication. We compared measures of physiological arousal and reactivity in typically developing individuals and those with the developmental disorders Williams syndrome (WS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Participants attended to facial displays of happy, sad, and neutral expressions via live and video-mediated communication. Skin conductance level (SCL) indicated that live faces, but not video-mediated faces, increased arousal, especially for typically developing individuals and those with WS. There was less increase of SCL, and physiological reactivity was comparable for live and video-mediated faces in ASD. In typical development and WS, physiological reactivity was greater for live than for video-mediated communication. Individuals with WS showed lower SCL than typically developing individuals, suggesting possible hypoarousal in this group, even though they showed an increase in arousal for faces. The results are discussed in terms of the use of video-mediated communication with typically and atypically developing individuals and atypicalities of physiological arousal across neurodevelopmental disorder groups.

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Stuck on you: Face-to-face arousal and gaze aversion in Williams syndrome

Abstract: Introduction: During face-to-face questioning typically developing children and

Cited by 45 publications

References 37 publications

Surface‐based morphometry reveals distinct cortical thickness and surface area profiles in Williams syndrome

Surface‐based morphometry reveals distinct cortical thickness and surface area profiles in Williams syndrome

Musical Interests and Abilities in Individuals with Developmental Disabilities

Physiological reactivity to faces via live and video-mediated communication in typical and atypical development

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